{"id":11,"date":"2018-11-06T12:27:32","date_gmt":"2018-11-06T12:27:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/robot.yeupet.vn\/index.php\/2018\/11\/06\/do-cung-la-gi-va-cach-giam-do-cung\/"},"modified":"2018-11-06T12:27:32","modified_gmt":"2018-11-06T12:27:32","slug":"do-cung-la-gi-va-cach-giam-do-cung","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/robot.yeupet.vn\/index.php\/2018\/11\/06\/do-cung-la-gi-va-cach-giam-do-cung\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

\u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec?
\u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng (hardness) l\u00e0 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt v\u00e0 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00f2a tan c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi can-xi (calcium) v\u00e0 ma-nh\u00ea (magnesium) nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 ka-li (potassium) v\u00e0 na-tri (sodium) c\u0169ng g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n

N\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u can-xi v\u00e0 ma-nh\u00ea \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cc\u1ee9ng\u201d v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 \u00edt c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cm\u1ec1m\u201d. \u1ede m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00f9ng, n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e1y t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1ec1m trong khi \u1edf nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng kh\u00e1c n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1ea5t c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 ki\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed9 d\u1eabn (conductivity), v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1y \u0111o \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t trong n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3i chung, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

\"cadia25\"<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i sao \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng l\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng?
Ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng mi\u1ec1n kh\u00e1c nhau c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 pH kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00e1 th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00ec v\u1eady ch\u00fang c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd xung quanh v\u00f9ng. \u1ede nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1 gi\u00e0u can-xi, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 h\u1ed3 Tanganyika n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ea5t c\u1ee9ng; nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1 ngh\u00e8o kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t (kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc) n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 trung h\u00f2a hay m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng m\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 trung h\u00f2a th\u00ec t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i th\u00edch nghi v\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n, mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c cho ph\u00e9p \u2013 nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1 t\u1eeb v\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ec1m, c\u00f3 t\u00ednh a-x\u00edt (acidophile) hay t\u1eeb v\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ki\u1ec1m (alkalophile) s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean nu\u00f4i c\u00e1 d\u0129a trong n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ea5t c\u1ee9ng hay cichlid h\u1ed3 Tanganyika trong n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ea5t m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng sinh s\u1ea3n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p. \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 n\u1edf c\u1ee7a tr\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed9 pH v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan?
Kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ea1i lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 c\u00f3. \u0110\u1ed9 pH \u0111o n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a hydroxyl (HO-) v\u00e0 hydro (H+) trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, trong khi \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng \u0111o n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ec1m th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh a-x\u00edt (pH th\u1ea5p) v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ki\u1ec1m (pH cao).<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh trong nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng hay pH \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a c\u00e1, n\u00ean nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi gi\u1ea3m pH v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt gi\u1ea3m pH m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc?
\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1ec5 g\u00e2y nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng. C\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, b\u1ed9 \u0111o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean gia nu\u00f4i c\u00e1 kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng x\u00e1m \u2013 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1 chuy\u00ean gia m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i tham kh\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn.<\/p>\n

\u0110o \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng<\/p>\n

GH \u2013 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng t\u1ed5ng (total), \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng chung (general) hay \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n (permanent) c\u1ee7a n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 can-xi, ma-nh\u00ea v\u00e0 c\u00e1c i-on kh\u00e1c. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9, m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi 17.9 mg\/l. Bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 ch\u1eef \u201cd\u201d (ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n 6 dGH). N\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e0ng c\u1ee9ng th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 GH c\u00e0ng cao.<\/p>\n

KH \u2013 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng carbonate, \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi (temporary) hay b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec7m. Ch\u1eef \u201cK\u201d trong KH b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng \u0110\u1ee9c \u201ckarbonate\u201d. KH th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e1c i-on bicarbonate v\u00e0 carbonate c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng pH bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean. C\u00e1c i-on t\u1ea1o ra KH c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111un s\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

KH l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a GH, v\u00ec v\u1eady sau khi \u0111un s\u00f4i th\u00ec GH c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3m \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i ch\u00fat. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9 KH t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi 17.9 mg\/l CaCO3. KH c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1edbi bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 ch\u1eef \u201cd\u201d (ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n 2 dKH). B\u1edfi v\u00ec KH l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a GH n\u00ean tr\u1ecb s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a KH kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n GH.<\/p>\n

DH \u2013 Deutsche harte hay \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng \u0110\u1ee9c (\u0111\u00f4i khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 dH) th\u00ec (theo nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia) t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi GH. (Nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 chuy\u00ean gia ph\u1ea3n b\u00e1c). \u0110\u00f4i khi n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c nu\u00f4i c\u00e1 d\u0129a. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9. M\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ed9 DH t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi 17.9 mg\/l CaCO3.<\/p>\n

Clark \u2013 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng Anh hi\u1ebfm khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 \u1edf Anh. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9 Clark t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi 14.3 mg\/l CaCO3.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n b\u00e1c r\u1eb1ng b\u1edfi v\u00ec Clark l\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1edf Anh, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a khi ch\u00fang ta n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 GH, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn 14.3 mg\/l CaCO3 thay v\u00ec 17.9 mg\/l CaCO3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u00f4i ch\u01b0a h\u1ec1 th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 ai, c\u1ea3 trong l\u1eabn ngo\u00e0i gi\u1edbi ch\u01a1i c\u00e1 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng Clark. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u coi \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng GH \u1edf Anh l\u00e0 17 mg\/l CaCO3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9 DH.<\/p>\n

Hardness \u2013 \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng M\u1ef9. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi 1 mg\/l.<\/p>\n

\"cadia26\"<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng, t\u00f4i n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0o?
Ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng GH v\u00e0 KH, b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00fang l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t. S\u1ebd d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n n\u1ebfu m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng chung m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 mg\/l\u00edt CaCO3, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi GH v\u00e0 KH, c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t \u00edt th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 CaCO3 trong c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 nu\u00f4i c\u00e1.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng?
C\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i b\u1ed9 \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng (test kit) tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng: b\u1ed9 \u0111o GH v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 \u0111o KH.<\/p>\n

B\u1ed9 \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean dung d\u1ecbch, v\u00ec v\u1eady b\u1ea1n nh\u1ecf t\u1eebng gi\u1ecdt thu\u1ed1c th\u1eed cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi m\u1eabu th\u1eed \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u. Gi\u1ecdt \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn m\u1eabu th\u1eed bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh m\u00e0u xanh v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i nh\u1ecf t\u1eebng gi\u1ecdt thu\u1ed1c th\u1eed, \u0111\u1ebfm cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi m\u1eabu th\u1eed b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u. Gi\u1ecdt cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng khi\u1ebfn cho m\u1eabu th\u1eed \u0111\u1ed5i sang m\u00e0u kh\u00e1c (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecf hay cam). S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1ecdt \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 \u0111o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 k\u00e8m theo ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng cho c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e1 kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 sang c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c nhau, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n t\u1eeb DH sang Clark.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e1 kh\u00e1c nhau?
H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec1u \u1ed5n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc trung h\u00f2a v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u01a1i m\u1ec1m. C\u00e1c lo\u00e0i chu\u1ed9ng a-x\u00edt v\u00e0 chu\u1ed9ng k\u1ec1m ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng k\u00e9m h\u01a1n. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng th\u1eadt nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 nu\u00f4i nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i c\u00e1 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n lai t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh a-x\u00edt. H\u00e3y ki\u1ebfm t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

C\u00f2n c\u00e1 d\u0129a th\u00ec sao?
C\u00e1 d\u0129a kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 sinh s\u1ea3n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ed1t trong n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 ki\u1ec1m. Nh\u00ecn chung, n\u01b0\u1edbc nu\u00f4i c\u00e1 d\u0129a n\u00ean gi\u1eef \u1edf m\u1ee9c pH t\u1eeb 6.5 \u2013 7.0. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 lai t\u1ea1o, c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 a-x\u00edt h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. \u0110\u1ed9 pH t\u1eeb 6.0 \u0111\u1ebfn 6.5, GH 2 v\u00e0 KH 1 l\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u2013 nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3i thay th\u1eadt nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n pH s\u1ee5t m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2u l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ec1m?
D\u1eabu c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ef1a resin tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh ra kh\u1ecfi n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t v\u1eabn l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ecdc, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c (reverse osmosis). N\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd r\u1ea5t a-x\u00edt. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o b\u1ea1n l\u1ea5y n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 th\u1eadt s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 l\u1ecdc qua than ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

\"cadia27\"<\/p>\n

B\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 g\u00ec?
B\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn v\u1edbi v\u00f2i n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e1y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u1eed kho\u00e1ng (demineralised) v\u1edbi n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m th\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed9 pH th\u01b0\u1eddng trung h\u00f2a v\u00e0 GH v\u00e0 KH th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eb1ng 0. B\u1edfi v\u00ec thi\u1ebfu b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec7m n\u00ean b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng gi\u1ea3m pH \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 mong mu\u1ed1n b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed5 sung than b\u00f9n hay a-x\u00edt, v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u00e1i b\u1ed5 sung ch\u1ea5t kho\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ecdc th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i c\u00e1 b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00e1 c\u1ea7n kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t trong n\u01b0\u1edbc cho c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch h\u00f3a sinh. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 KH \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec7m a-x\u00edt ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1, hay t\u1eeb c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh quang h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 v\u00e0 c\u00e2y, pH c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3i s\u1ee5t m\u1ea1nh hay gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng nguy hi\u1ec3m.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ed5 sung kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t cho n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 Tropic Mann Re-Mineral F hay API Electro-Right. B\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn v\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e1y v\u00e0 \u0111a s\u1ed1 model \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea1y li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. Nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mua n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ecdc t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ti\u1ec7m t\u1ea1p h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n

Than b\u00f9n c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng g\u00ec?
Than b\u00f9n (peat) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 b\u1ed5 sung nh\u1eefng kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft ra c\u00e1c h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t bao g\u1ed3m a-x\u00edt tannic v\u00e0 humic v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 l\u00e0m n\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh a-x\u00edt m\u1ed9t khi KH \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1ea5p. Than b\u00f9n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng n\u1ebfu n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 ki\u1ec1m b\u1edfi v\u00ec KH c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n a-x\u00edt l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m pH. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft, d\u00f9ng than b\u00f9n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ecdc n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t\u2026<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ed9 l\u00e0m m\u1ec1m n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e1y?
Kh\u00f4ng \u2013 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 l\u00e0m m\u1ec1m n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e1y (tapwater softener) ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ho\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed5i can-xi v\u00e0 ma-nh\u00ea b\u1eb1ng na-tri. N\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ec1m v\u00ec can-xi v\u00e0 ma-nh\u00ea b\u1ecb l\u1ea5y \u0111i nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u na-tri h\u01a1n m\u1ee9c an to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1.<\/p>\n

\"cadia28\"<\/p>\n

L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ecb s\u1ed1 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p?
C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ea3ng Pearson nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh nh\u1ea9m k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p th\u1eed v\u00e0 sai c\u0169ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. N\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ecdc l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Th\u00eam t\u1eebng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t l\u00edt n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ecdc cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng mong mu\u1ed1n. Sau \u0111\u00f3 nh\u00e2n l\u00ean cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ed3 c\u00e1 \u2013 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m pH v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng. \u0110\u00e2u l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n?
C\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed3 trang tr\u00ed ti\u1ebft ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0o trong n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed9 pH v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i s\u1ecfi, \u0111\u00e1 d\u00f9ng trong h\u1ed3 c\u00e1 gi\u00e0u can-xi v\u00e0 s\u1ebd l\u00e0m KH (v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 GH) cao h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ebfn pH. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n gi\u1ea3m pH v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ecdc, n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t hay nh\u1ef1a resin, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e2u. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n gi\u1eef n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 a-x\u00edt v\u00e0 ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n pH v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng t\u0103ng, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u1ec1n tr\u01a1 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1t h\u1ed3 hay s\u1ecfi kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

B\u1ed5 sung a-xit \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m pH hay ba-d\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng pH c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ee3i b\u1ea5t c\u1eadp h\u1ea1i. C\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng n\u1ed5i pH bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u00e3 b\u1ec7nh hay ch\u1ebft n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc n\u01b0\u1edbc thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec1u. V\u1edbi \u0111a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh pH v\u00ec v\u1eady c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean can thi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

Matt Clarke<\/p>\n

Ngu\u1ed3n diendancacanh<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng (hardness) l\u00e0 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt v\u00e0 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00f2a tan c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi can-xi (calcium) v\u00e0 ma-nh\u00ea (magnesium) nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 ka-li (potassium) v\u00e0 na-tri (sodium) c\u0169ng g\u00f3p […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/robot.yeupet.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/robot.yeupet.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/robot.yeupet.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/robot.yeupet.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/robot.yeupet.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/robot.yeupet.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/robot.yeupet.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/robot.yeupet.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/robot.yeupet.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}