{"id":1892,"date":"2018-11-18T05:55:08","date_gmt":"2018-11-18T05:55:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/robot.yeupet.vn\/3-phuong-phap-phoi-giong-cho-pho-bien-hien-nay\/"},"modified":"2018-11-18T05:55:08","modified_gmt":"2018-11-18T05:55:08","slug":"3-phuong-phap-phoi-giong-cho-pho-bien-hien-nay","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/robot.yeupet.vn\/index.php\/2018\/11\/18\/3-phuong-phap-phoi-giong-cho-pho-bien-hien-nay\/","title":{"rendered":"3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u1ed1i gi\u1ed1ng ch\u00f3 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n nay"},"content":{"rendered":"

C\u00f3 3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u1ed1i gi\u1ed1ng ch\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n nay bao g\u1ed3m: Line \u2013 breeding, In \u2013 breeding v\u00e0 Out \u2013 crossing. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y YeuPet.vns\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p cho b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u1ed1i gi\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ed1i gi\u1ed1ng ch\u00f3 Out \u2013 crossing<\/h2>\n

L\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ed1i gi\u1ed1ng ch\u00f3 kh\u00e1c huy\u1ebft th\u1ed1ng cho ra nh\u1eefng ch\u00fa ch\u00f3 lai m\u1edbi. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh tr\u1ea1ng t\u1ed1t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00f3. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lai t\u1ea1o ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nu\u00f4i ch\u00f3.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec giao ph\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng con kh\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng huy\u1ebft th\u1ed1ng n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh m\u1edbi. Ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t do gen l\u1eb7n mang l\u1ea1i. Ch\u00f3 b\u1ed1 v\u00e0 ch\u00f3 m\u1eb9 c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 ngang nhau trong vi\u1ec7c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ch\u00f3 con. Ch\u00f3 con \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eeba h\u01b0\u1edfng 1 gen t\u1eeb ch\u00f3 b\u1ed1 v\u00e0 1 gen t\u1eeb ch\u00f3 m\u1eb9. Gen tr\u1ed9i s\u1ebd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c t\u00ednh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00f3 con. N\u00f3 gi\u00fap con v\u1eadt c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch cao h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

\"Ph\u1ed1i<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ch\u00fa ch\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lai t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh thu\u1ea7n ch\u1ee7ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 gen r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn. T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a gen s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng cao. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi lai t\u1ea1o ch\u00f3 kh\u00f3 ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ch\u00f3 con.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00f9ng l\u00fac. \u0110\u00f4i l\u00fac, khi lai t\u1ea1o v\u1edbi mong mu\u1ed1n kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c. Nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec1u l\u00fac ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0m xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ed1i gi\u1ed1ng ch\u00f3 Line \u2013 breeding<\/h2>\n

L\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c lai t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c ch\u00fa ch\u00f3 c\u1ee7a c\u00f9ng 1 gi\u1ed1ng, c\u00f3 huy\u1ebft th\u1ed1ng g\u1ea7n nhau. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00ecnh th\u1ec3 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u00ednh kh\u00ed n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt, c\u00f3 \u00edt kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng di truy\u1ec1n b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt sang c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 sau nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n mang m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 Line-breeding l\u00e0 cho ph\u1ed1i c\u00e1c con c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng \u00f4ng b\u00e0 v\u1edbi nhau. Ho\u1eb7c cho ph\u1ed1i con ch\u00e1u v\u1edbi \u00f4ng b\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Khi Line-breeding, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc th\u1eadt k\u1ef9 v\u00e0 ti\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m mong mu\u1ed1n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra.<\/p>\n

\"Ph\u1ed1i<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Line-breeding gi\u00fap ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng gen t\u1ed1t t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ch\u00fa ch\u00f3 c\u00f3 h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi nhau. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng gen thu\u1ea7n m\u00e0 v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh \u0111a d\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a gen trong 1 kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i d\u00e0i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ch\u00f3 con t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea1nh kh\u1ecfe h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u00e1ng nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ec7nh h\u01a1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 gi\u00fap l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m t\u00ednh \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a qu\u1ef9 gen. N\u1ebfu c\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c Line-breed nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n, \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, t\u00ednh \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a qu\u1ef9 gen s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ed1i gi\u1ed1ng ch\u00f3 In \u2013 breeding<\/h2>\n

L\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c lai t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c con c\u00f3 huy\u1ebft th\u1ed1ng g\u1ea7n nhau nh\u01b0 b\u1ed1, m\u1eb9 v\u1edbi con, ch\u1ecb v\u1edbi em\u2026 In-breeding c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 lai t\u1ea1o nhi\u1ec1u kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 1 ngu\u1ed3n gen qu\u00fd ho\u1eb7c s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a 1 d\u00f2ng ch\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y gi\u00fap t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ch\u00fa ch\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i nh\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 lai t\u1ea1o th\u01b0\u1eddng gh\u00e9p c\u1eb7p c\u00e1c ch\u00fa ch\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng huy\u1ebft th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 chung 1 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m mong mu\u1ed1n. C\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, \u0111\u00f4i khi ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n sau m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c hai th\u1ebf h\u1ec7. C\u00e1c t\u00ednh tr\u1ea1ng \u1ea5y tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u201c\u0111\u1ed3ng tr\u1ed9i\u201d. V\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ch\u00fa ch\u00f3 con sinh ra t\u1eeb ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p In-breeding s\u1ebd th\u1eeba h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gen thu\u1ea7n cho c\u00e1c t\u00ednh tr\u1ea1ng \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

\"Ph\u1ed1i<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ch\u00fa ch\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 thu\u1ea7n ch\u1ee7ng cao. V\u1edbi gen thu\u1ea7n, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 lai t\u1ea1o ch\u00f3 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o \u0111o\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ch\u00fa ch\u00f3 con sinh ra sau n\u00e0y s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p In-breeding c\u00f3 v\u00e0i nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fa \u00fd. N\u1ebfu In-breeding qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n, t\u00ednh \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a gen s\u1ebd b\u1ecb suy gi\u1ea3m. Do In-breed, con v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra th\u1eeba h\u01b0\u1edfng 1 c\u1eb7p gen gi\u1ed1ng nhau t\u1eeb cha m\u1eb9 trong h\u1ec7 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch. Theo \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 1 h\u1ec7 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch k\u00e9m m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c ch\u00fa ch\u00f3 c\u00f3 gen \u201c\u0111\u1ed3ng l\u1eb7n\u201d s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu v\u00e0 theo quy lu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e0o th\u1ea3i, s\u1ebd ch\u1ebft \u0111i.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ph\u1ed1i gi\u1ed1ng ch\u00f3<\/h2>\n

C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p In-breed, Line-breed v\u00e0 Out-crossing \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 lai t\u1ea1o ch\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb l\u00e2u. Tuy nhi\u00ean trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, \u00edt ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y n\u00ean v\u1eabn c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t e d\u00e8 trong vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lai t\u1ea1o tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, khi th\u00fa s\u1ed1ng b\u1ea7y \u0111\u00e0n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. Vi\u1ec7c Out-crossing v\u1edbi c\u00e1c con th\u00fa kh\u00e1c b\u1ea7y r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p. Vai tr\u00f2 truy\u1ec1n gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu do con \u0111\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e0n. Con \u0111\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 giao ph\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c con c\u00e1i kh\u00e1c trong b\u1ea7y. Con y\u1ebfu v\u00ec c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y hay c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c s\u1ebd ch\u1ebft \u0111i. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c con th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n gi\u1ed1ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc r\u1ea5t kh\u1eaft khe c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

\"M\u1ed9t<\/p>\n

Do v\u1eady, In-breed kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ec7 h\u1ea1i c\u1ea7n b\u1ecb l\u00ean \u00e1n. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u1ee9u cho m\u1ed9t gi\u1ed1ng ch\u00f3 kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00f2n l\u00e0 1 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 lai t\u1ea1o ra gi\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00f3 kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ed1ng ch\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y nh\u01b0:\u00a0 Alaska, Ph\u00fa Qu\u1ed1c,\u00a0\u00a0Bulldog, Poodle, Ph\u1ed1c h\u01b0\u01a1u, Chiahuahua\u2026 \u0110\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u k\u0129 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ph\u1ed1i gi\u1ed1ng ch\u00f3 c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham kh\u1ea3o th\u00eam c\u00e1c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a b\u00e1c s\u0129 th\u00fa y.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Ngu\u1ed3n Bacsithuy\u200b<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

C\u00f3 3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u1ed1i gi\u1ed1ng ch\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n nay bao g\u1ed3m: Line \u2013 breeding, In \u2013 breeding v\u00e0 Out \u2013 crossing. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y YeuPet.vns\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p cho b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u1ed1i gi\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y. Ph\u1ed1i gi\u1ed1ng ch\u00f3 Out \u2013 crossing L\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ed1i gi\u1ed1ng ch\u00f3 kh\u00e1c huy\u1ebft […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1892","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/robot.yeupet.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1892","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/robot.yeupet.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/robot.yeupet.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/robot.yeupet.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/robot.yeupet.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1892"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/robot.yeupet.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1892\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/robot.yeupet.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1892"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/robot.yeupet.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1892"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/robot.yeupet.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1892"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}