{"id":2218,"date":"2018-11-19T13:25:07","date_gmt":"2018-11-19T13:25:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/robot.yeupet.vn\/mot-so-benh-o-bo-cau\/"},"modified":"2018-11-19T13:25:07","modified_gmt":"2018-11-19T13:25:07","slug":"mot-so-benh-o-bo-cau","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/robot.yeupet.vn\/index.php\/2018\/11\/19\/mot-so-benh-o-bo-cau\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u1ed9t S\u1ed1 B\u1ec7nh \u1ede B\u1ed3 C\u00e2u"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ec7nh th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p \u1edf chim b\u1ed3 c\u00e2u.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"mot-so-benh-o-bo-cau\"<\/p>\n

B\u1ec7nh th\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00e0n (Salmonellosis)<\/strong><\/h3>\n

B\u1ec7nh th\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00e0n \u1edf b\u1ed3 c\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u (Pomeroy v\u00e0 Nagaraja, 1991). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ec7nh chung c\u1ee7a b\u1ed3 c\u00e2u, g\u00e0, ngan, ng\u1ed7ng, v\u1ecbt v\u1edbi h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng vi\u00eam ru\u1ed9t, \u1ec9a ch\u1ea3y (Levcet, 1984).<\/p>\n

1. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/strong><\/p>\n

B\u1ec7nh g\u00e2y ra do vi khu\u1ea9n Salmonella gallinacerum v\u00e0 S. enteritidis thu\u1ed9c h\u1ecd Enterbacteriacae. Vi khu\u1ea9n l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1ef1c khu\u1ea9n nh\u1ecf, ng\u1eafn c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc: 1-2\u00d71,5 micromet, th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee5m 2 vi khu\u1ea9n v\u1edbi nhau, thu\u1ed9c gram \u00e2m (-), kh\u00f4ng sinh nha b\u00e0o v\u00e0 nang (Copsule). Vi khu\u1ea9n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i c\u1ea5y, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ed1t \u1edf m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ecbt v\u00e0 peptone, \u0111\u1ed9 pH=7,2, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p 37 C.<\/p>\n

Vi khu\u1ea9n s\u1ebd b\u1ecb di\u1ec7t \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 60 C trong 10 ph\u00fat, d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi trong 24 gi\u1edd. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i 20 ng\u00e0y khi \u0111\u1eb7t trong b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i. C\u00e1c ho\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng di\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi khu\u1ea9n nh\u01b0: axit phenol -1\/1000; chlorua mercur-1\/20.000; thu\u1ed1c t\u00edm 1\/1000 trong 3-5 ph\u00fat.<\/p>\n

2. B\u1ec7nh l\u00fd v\u00e0 l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng<\/strong><\/p>\n

Trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7ng Salmonella gallinacerum c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1ef1c m\u1ea1nh, g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh cho b\u1ed3 c\u00e2u nh\u00e0, b\u1ed3 c\u00e2u r\u1eebng, g\u00e0, v\u1ecbt v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i chim tr\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

B\u1ed3 c\u00e2u nhi\u1ec5m vi khu\u1ea9n qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u00eau ho\u00e1. Khi \u0103n u\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1ee9c \u0103n ho\u1eb7c n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 vi khu\u1ea9n, b\u1ed3 c\u00e2u s\u1ebd b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh. Vi khu\u1ea9n v\u00e0o ni\u00eam m\u1ea1c ru\u1ed9t, h\u1ea1ch l\u00e2m ba ru\u1ed9t, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1edf \u0111\u00f3, ti\u1ebft ra \u0111\u1ed9c t\u1ed1. \u0110\u1ed9c t\u1ed1 v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ea7n kinh trung \u01b0\u01a1ng, g\u00e2y ra bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec7t d\u1ed9 t\u0103ng cao, run r\u1ea9y. Vi khu\u1ea9n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ti\u00eau ho\u00e1 g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng ni\u00eam m\u1ea1c ru\u1ed9t, c\u01a1 ru\u1ed9t, l\u00e0m cho ru\u1ed9t b\u1ecb vi\u00eam v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t huy\u1ebft. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p b\u1ec7nh n\u1eb7ng, vi khu\u1ea9n x\u00e2m nh\u1eadn v\u00e0o m\u00e1u g\u00e2y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng m\u00e1u.<\/p>\n

B\u1ed3 c\u00e2u c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian \u1ee7 b\u1ec7nh t\u1eeb 1-2 ng\u00e0y, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n: \u00edt ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, k\u00e9m \u0103n, u\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc nhi\u1ec1u. Sau \u0111\u00f3, th\u00e2n nhi\u1ec7t t\u0103ng, chim \u0111\u1ee9ng \u1ee7 r\u0169 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7, th\u1edf g\u1ea5p, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1ec9a ch\u1ea3y, ph\u00e2n m\u00e0u xanh ho\u1eb7c x\u00e1m v\u00e0ng, giai \u0111o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f3 l\u1eabn m\u00e1u. Chim s\u1ebd ch\u1ebft sau 3-5 ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed5 kh\u00e1m chim b\u1ec7nh, th\u1ea5y: c\u00e1c ni\u00eam m\u1ea1c b\u1ecb s\u01b0ng huy\u1ebft; ni\u00eam m\u1ea1c di\u1ec1u, d\u1ea1 d\u00e0y tuy\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ru\u1ed9t t\u1ee5 huy\u1ebft t\u1eebng \u0111\u00e1m. \u1edf ru\u1ed9t non v\u00e0 ru\u1ed9t gi\u00e0 c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y ni\u00eam m\u1ea1c b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng, tr\u00f3c ra v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ho\u1ea1i t\u1eed \u1edf ph\u1ea7n ru\u1ed9t g\u00e0. Ch\u00f9m h\u1ea1ch l\u00e2m ba ru\u1ed9t c\u0169ng b\u1ecb t\u1ee5 huy\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

3. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1ecbch t\u1ec5<\/strong><\/p>\n

H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i gia c\u1ea7m nh\u01b0 b\u1ed3 c\u00e2u, g\u00e0, v\u1ecbt, ngan, ng\u1ed7, chim c\u00fat\u2026 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i chim tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u nhi\u1ec5m S. gallinacerum v\u00e0 b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh th\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00e0n. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m ti\u00eam truy\u1ec1n S. gallinacerum cho 382 lo\u00e0i chim thu\u1ed9c 20 nh\u00f3m chim, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 367 lo\u00e0i b\u1ecb ph\u00e1t b\u1ec7nh, chi\u1ebfm t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 96%.<\/p>\n

Chim \u1edf c\u00e1c l\u1ee9a tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m vi khu\u1ea9n. Nh\u01b0ng chim non d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t n\u0103m tu\u1ed5i th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y ph\u00e1t b\u1ec7nh n\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 cao (50-60%).<\/p>\n

B\u1ec7nh l\u00e2y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u00eau ho\u00e1. Nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng l\u00e2y qua tr\u1ee9ng khi b\u1ed3 c\u00e2u m\u1eb9 b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh. \u1edf c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c nu\u00f4i g\u00e0 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi b\u1ed3 c\u00e2u trong c\u00f9ng chu\u1ed3ng tr\u1ea1i v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng sinh th\u00e1i, b\u1ed3 c\u00e2u th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m m\u1ea7m b\u1ec7nh t\u1eeb g\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh.<\/p>\n

B\u1ec7nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m quanh n\u0103m. Nh\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u00e1ng c\u00f3 th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft \u1ea5m \u00e1p v\u00e0 \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt trong m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00f9a h\u00e8 v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i m\u00f9a thu.<\/p>\n

4. Ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2013 Ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng: C\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng: Chim \u1ed1m c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t l\u00e2y lan v\u1edbi bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 \u1ec9a l\u1ecfng ph\u00e2n x\u00e1m v\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c x\u00e1m xanh, c\u00f3 l\u1eabn m\u00e1u. Khi m\u1ed5 kh\u00e1m chim \u1ed1m th\u1ea5y: t\u1ee5 huy\u1ebft, xu\u1ea5t huy\u1ebft v\u00e0 t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1c ni\u00eam m\u1ea1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u00eau ho\u00e1.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n vi sinh v\u1eadt: thu th\u1eadp b\u1ec7nh ph\u1ea9m, nu\u00f4i c\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n l\u1eadp vi khu\u1ea9n S. gallinacerum.<\/p>\n

5. \u0110i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 1:<\/p>\n

\u2013 Thu\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb: Chloramphenicol d\u00f9ng li\u1ec1u 50mg\/kg th\u1ec3 tr\u1ecdng; thu\u1ed1c pha v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc theo t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7: 1 thu\u1ed1c + 10 n\u01b0\u1edbc; cho chim u\u1ed1ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp. Cho u\u1ed1ng thu\u1ed1c li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong 3-4 ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Thu\u1ed1c tr\u1ee3 s\u1ee9c: cho u\u1ed1ng th\u00eam vitamin B1,C, K.<\/p>\n

\u2013 H\u1ed9 l\u00fd: \u0110\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng ni\u00eam m\u1ea1c ti\u00eau ho\u00e1, c\u1ea7n cho chim \u0103n th\u1ee9c \u0103n m\u1ec1m d\u1ec5 ti\u00eau nh\u01b0 th\u1ee9c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p d\u1ea1ng b\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c trong th\u1eddi gian \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb; th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch ly chim \u1ed1m v\u00e0 chim kho\u1ebb; l\u00e0m v\u1ec7 sinh, ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ed9c chu\u1ed3ng tr\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 2:<\/p>\n

\u2013 Thu\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb: D\u00f9ng ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p hai lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c: Tetracyclin: li\u1ec1u 50 mg\/kg th\u1ec3 tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

Bisepton: li\u1ec1u 50 mg\/kg th\u1ec3 tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

Thu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 pha th\u00e0nh dung d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ed5 cho chim u\u1ed1ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong 3-4 ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Thu\u1ed1c tr\u1ee3 s\u1ee9c: nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 1.<\/p>\n

\u2013 H\u1ed9 l\u00fd: nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 1.<\/p>\n

6. Ph\u00f2ng b\u1ec7nh<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2013 Khi c\u00f3 b\u1ec7nh x\u1ea3y ra c\u1ea7n c\u00e1ch ly chim \u1ed1m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb; chim \u1ed1m ch\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i ch\u00f4n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00f4i b\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00f4i 10%, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed5 chim \u1ed1m g\u1ea7n ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c nu\u00f4i chim. To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 s\u1ed1 chim trong chu\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 chim \u1ed1m cho u\u1ed1ng dung d\u1ecbch chloramphenicol 2\/1000 ho\u1eb7c sulfamethazone 5\/1000 trong 3 ng\u00e0y li\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Khi ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 d\u1ecbch: th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1ec7 sinh chu\u1ed3ng tr\u1ea1i v\u00e0 v\u1ec7 sinh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng; nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng chim v\u1edbi kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n \u0103n th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o th\u1ee9c \u0103n, n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng s\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n

\u00a0B\u1ec7nh gi\u1ea3 lao \u1edf b\u1ed3 c\u00e2u (Pseudotuberculosis)<\/strong><\/h3>\n

B\u1ec7nh gi\u1ea3 lao \u1edf c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i gia c\u1ea7m v\u00e0 chim hoang, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 b\u1ed3 c\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb l\u00e2u (Riech, 1889), nh\u01b0ng m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn 1904, Kynyoun (1904) m\u1edbi ph\u00e2n l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi khu\u1ea9n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Yersinia pseudotuberculosis (vi khu\u1ea9n gi\u1ea3 lao).<\/p>\n

1. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00e1c nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh gi\u1ea3 lao \u1edf b\u1ed3 c\u00e2u l\u00e0 Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Vi khu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh g\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng vi khu\u1ea9n t\u1ee5 huy\u1ebft tr\u00f9ng n\u00ean c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Pasteurella pseudotuberculosis. Vi khu\u1ea9n thu\u1ed9c gram \u00e2m, tr\u00f2n hai \u0111\u1ea7u, c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc 0,5\u00d70,8-5 micromet, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 vi khu\u1ea9n l\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ef1c v\u00ec khi nhu\u1ed9m b\u1eaft m\u00e0u s\u1eabm \u1edf hai \u0111\u1ea7u. Vi khu\u1ea9n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ed1t tr\u00ean m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea1ch pepton, th\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u c\u00f3 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 axit amin v\u00e0 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 37 C.<\/p>\n

Vi khu\u1ea9n d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng b\u1ecb di\u1ec7t d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 600C ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m kh\u00f4. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n h\u00e0ng n\u0103m trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 6 serotyp vi khu\u1ea9n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 typ I, II, III, IV, V, VI v\u00e0 8 subtyp g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i chim v\u00e0 th\u00fa.<\/p>\n

2. B\u1ec7nh l\u00fd v\u00e0 l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng<\/strong><\/p>\n

Chim b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m vi khu\u1ea9n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u00eau ho\u00e1. Vi khu\u1ea9n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c \u0103n. Chim \u0103n u\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1ee9c \u0103n n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m vi khu\u1ea9n s\u1ebd b\u1ecb m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh. Vi khu\u1ea9n c\u0169ng x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 chim qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p, do h\u00edt th\u1edf kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u00f3 vi khu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0o c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 chim, vi khu\u1ea9n nhanh ch\u00f3ng x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u1ea1ch l\u00e2m ba, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, r\u1ed3i v\u00e0o m\u00e1u, \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ph\u1ee7 t\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 gan, l\u00e1ch, ph\u1ed5i, th\u1eadn v\u00e0 ru\u1ed9t. C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p b\u1ec7nh c\u1ea5p t\u00ednh, vi khu\u1ea9n t\u0103ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, r\u1ed3i v\u00e0o m\u00e1u, \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ph\u1ee7 t\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 gan, l\u00e1ch, ph\u1ed5i, th\u1eadn v\u00e0 ru\u1ed9t. C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p b\u1ec7nh c\u1ea5p t\u00ednh, vi khu\u1ea9n t\u0103ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1ea5t nhanh trong m\u00e1u, g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng huy\u1ebft. Khi \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ph\u1ee7 t\u1ea1ng, vi khu\u1ea9n s\u1ebd t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 g\u00e2y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng vi\u00eam nhi\u1ec5m v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a b\u1ef1a v\u00e0ng x\u00e1m, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t lao d\u1ea1ng \u201clao k\u00ea\u201d. C\u00e1c h\u1ea1t n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u1edf t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u01a1.<\/p>\n

Chim nhi\u1ec5m m\u1ea7m b\u1ec7nh c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian \u1ee7 b\u1ec7nh ng\u1eafn, ch\u1ec9 1-2 ng\u00e0y. Chim b\u1ec7nh c\u00f3 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n t\u0103ng th\u00e2n nhi\u1ec7t, b\u1ecf \u0103n, ni\u00eam m\u1ea1c t\u1ee5 huy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecf s\u1eabm, m\u1eaft nh\u1eafm, \u0111\u1ee9ng \u1ee7 r\u0169, th\u1edf kh\u00f3, ch\u1ea3y n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u0169i, n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft; sau \u0111\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1ec9a ch\u1ea3y ph\u00e2n xanh v\u00e0ng. B\u1ec7nh ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n nhanh. Chim b\u1ec7nh ch\u1ebft sau 2-4 ng\u00e0y, t\u1eeb khi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed5 chim b\u1ec7nh th\u1ea5y: bao tim c\u00f3 t\u1ee5 huy\u1ebft, \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f3 d\u1ecbch v\u00e0ng; ph\u1ed5i, l\u00e1ch, gan v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ni\u00eam m\u1ea1c c\u00f3 t\u1ee5 m\u00e1u. C\u00e1c ph\u1ee7 t\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi \u1edf c\u01a1 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ea1t k\u00ea, ho\u1ea1i t\u1eed c\u00f3 m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng x\u00e1m. C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng huy\u1ebft th\u1ea5y: m\u00e1u \u0111\u1ecf s\u1eabm, ch\u1eadm \u0111\u00f4ng, c\u00e1c ni\u00eam m\u1ea1c t\u00edm \u0111\u1ecf.<\/p>\n

3. D\u1ecbch t\u1ec5 h\u1ecdc<\/strong><\/p>\n

Trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i gia c\u1ea7m v\u00e0 chim tr\u1eddi b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh gi\u1ea3 lao nh\u01b0 g\u00e0 nh\u00e0, g\u00e0 r\u1eebng, ng\u1ed7ng, v\u1ecbt, g\u00e0 t\u00e2y, b\u1ed3 c\u00e2u, v\u1eb9t\u2026 Nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i th\u00fa nh\u1ecf c\u0169ng nhi\u1ec5m pseudotuberculosis nh\u01b0: khi, chu\u1ed9t lang, th\u1ecf, chu\u1ed9t b\u1ea1ch\u2026 khi ti\u00eam truy\u1ec1n th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n

B\u1ed3 c\u00e2u non d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t n\u0103m tu\u1ed5i th\u01b0\u1eddng nhi\u1ec5m vi khu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh th\u1ec3 c\u1ea5p t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

B\u1ec7nh th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tra v\u00e0 l\u00e2y lan trong \u0111\u00e0n chim khi th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft l\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt.<\/p>\n

4. Ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2013 Ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng. C\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh t\u00ednh \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n: b\u1ec7nh ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n nhanh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1edf kh\u00f3, ch\u1ea3y r\u00e3i r\u1edbt, \u1ec9a ch\u1ea3y ph\u00e2n xanh v\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c v\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ee5c; m\u1ed5 kh\u00e1m c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1m t\u1ee5 huy\u1ebft \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1ng; \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t nh\u1ecf ho\u1ea1i t\u1eed c\u00f3 b\u1ef1a v\u00e0ng x\u00e1m.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n vi sinh v\u1eadt. Ph\u00e2n l\u1eadp, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh vi khu\u1ea9n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c m\u1eabu b\u1ec7nh ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0 d\u1ecbch xu\u1ea5t ti\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ee7 t\u1ea1ng chim b\u1ec7nh.<\/p>\n

5. \u0110i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb \u00edt c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, v\u00ec b\u1ec7nh ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n nhanh. Khi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean th\u00ec chim \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb r\u1ea5t n\u1eb7ng, kh\u00f3 ch\u1eefa. Khi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i chim b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh th\u00ec c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba cho to\u00e0n \u0111\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb:<\/p>\n

\u2013 Thu\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb: Ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p hai lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c sau:<\/p>\n

Kanamycin\u00a02 gam<\/p>\n

Tetracyclin\u00a02 gam<\/p>\n

N\u01b0\u1edbc\u00a01000 ml<\/p>\n

Cho to\u00e0n \u0111\u00e0n chim u\u1ed1ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c 3-4 ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Thu\u1ed1c tr\u1ee3 tim m\u1ea1ch: t\u0103ng s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ng: cho u\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ed9n th\u1ee9c \u0103n c\u00e1c vitamin B1, K, A, D, E.<\/p>\n

\u2013 H\u1ed9 l\u00fd: Cho chim \u0103n th\u1ee9c \u0103n d\u1ec5 ti\u00eau, b\u1edbt \u0103n c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n

6. Ph\u00f2ng b\u1ec7nh<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2013 Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n cho chim \u0103n s\u1ea1ch, u\u1ed1ng s\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Gi\u1eef g\u00ecn v\u1ec7 sinh chu\u1ed3ng tr\u1ea1i v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a chim, c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m v\u1ec7 sinh v\u00e0 ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ed9c theo \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Khi c\u00f3 d\u1ecbch x\u1ea3y ra: Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm chim b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1ch ly \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ho\u1eb7c x\u1eed l\u00fd, tr\u00e1nh l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m cho \u0111\u00e0n chim.<\/p>\n

\u2013 T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ti\u00eam vacxin ph\u00f2ng b\u1ec7nh cho \u0111\u00e0n chim tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh khi c\u00f3 vacxin ph\u00f2ng b\u1ec7nh gi\u1ea3 lao.<\/p>\n

\u00a0B\u1ec7nh vi\u00eam \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p m\u00e3n (Mycoplasmosis)<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u1edf nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 s\u1edf nu\u00f4i chim b\u1ed3 c\u00e2u th\u1ecbt v\u00e0 b\u1ed3 c\u00e2u c\u1ea3nh thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9, Ph\u00e1p, H\u00e0 Lan\u2026 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n b\u1ec7nh vi\u00eam \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p m\u00e3n do Mycoplasma g\u00e2y ra. Tuy nhi\u00ean, b\u1ec7nh kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh r\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ec7nh vi\u00eam \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p m\u00e3n t\u00ednh \u1edf g\u00e0 nu\u00f4i theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

1. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ebfn nay, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n l\u1eadp, \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh typ \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 19 ch\u1ee7ng thu\u1ed9c Mycoplasma g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh cho c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i gia c\u1ea7m nh\u01b0 g\u00e0, g\u00e0y t\u00e2y, ng\u1ed7ng, v\u1ecbt v\u00e0 b\u1ed3 c\u00e2u. Trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 3 ch\u1ee7ng g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n l\u1eadp t\u1eeb b\u1ed3 c\u00e2u l\u00e0: Mycoplasma columbinasale; M. columbinum v\u00e0 M. columborale; (Harry W. v\u00e0 Yoder J. 1991).<\/p>\n

Mycoplasma l\u00e0 vi sinh v\u1eadt c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf trung gian gi\u1eefa vi khu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 virut, kho\u1ea3ng 0,2-0,5 micromet; b\u1eaft m\u00e0u h\u1ed3ng khi nhu\u1ed9m Giemsa; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i c\u1ea5y tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 khu\u1ea9n l\u1ea1c m\u1ecdc ch\u1eadm sau 10-15 ng\u00e0y. Mycoplasma c\u0169ng m\u1edbi c\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ean m\u00e0ng nhung ni\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a ph\u00f4i tr\u1ee9ng g\u00e0.<\/p>\n

2. B\u1ec7nh l\u00fd v\u00e0 l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng<\/strong><\/p>\n

Mycoplasma x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 chim qua ni\u00eam m\u1ea1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p nh\u01b0 ni\u00eam m\u1ea1c m\u0169i v\u00e0 ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n khi h\u00edt th\u1edf kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u00f3 m\u1ea7m b\u1ec7nh. T\u1eeb ni\u00eam m\u1ea1c, Mycoplasma ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c h\u1ea1ch l\u00e2m ba \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p nh\u01b0 h\u1ea1ch h\u1ea7u, h\u1ea1ch ph\u1ed5i, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ed3i v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ph\u1ebf nang. Chim kho\u1ebb, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u1ed1t, trong c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n sinh th\u00e1i th\u00edch h\u1ee3p th\u00ec m\u1ea7m b\u1ec7nh kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t, ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i mang tr\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a chim. Khi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n sinh th\u00e1i thay \u0111\u1ed5i, c\u00f3 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 stress l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a chim th\u00ec Mycoplasma b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a chim.<\/p>\n

Chim b\u1ec7nh c\u00f3 c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean nh\u01b0 ch\u1ea3y n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u0169i, n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft, \u0103n k\u00e9m; sau \u0111\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n th\u1edf kh\u00f3, th\u1edf nhanh\u2026 Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n v\u00e0 chim g\u1ea7y d\u1ea7n, gi\u1ea3m t\u0103ng tr\u1ecdng r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t. C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ea5p t\u00ednh chim s\u1ebd ch\u1ebft sau 10-15 ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y \u1edf chim non 1-4 th\u00e1ng tu\u1ed5i. Chim b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh m\u00e3n t\u00ednh, th\u1eddi gian h\u00e0nh b\u1ec7nh k\u00e9o d\u00e0i h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng th\u1edf kh\u00f3, g\u1ea7y r\u1ea1c. C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m khu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee9 ph\u00e1t do c\u00e1c li\u00ean c\u1ea7u (Streptococcus) t\u1ee5 c\u1ea7u (Staphilococcus) v\u00e0 Heamophilus spp chim b\u1ecb vi\u00eam ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n ph\u1ed5i n\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft nhanh sau 10-12 ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed5 kh\u00e1m chim b\u1ec7nh, th\u1ea5y b\u1ec7nh t\u00ednh t\u1eadp trung \u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p, ph\u1ed5i t\u1ee5 m\u00e1u, c\u00f3 d\u1ecbch nh\u00e0y trong c\u00e1c ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n v\u00e0 ph\u1ebf nang; h\u1ea1ch ph\u1ed5i s\u01b0ng th\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u1ee5 huy\u1ebft r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

3. D\u1ecbch t\u1ec5 h\u1ecdc<\/strong><\/p>\n

B\u1ec7nh th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y \u1edf b\u1ed3 c\u00e2u trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i nh\u1ed1t v\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung; kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed n\u00f3ng \u1ea9m ho\u1eb7c l\u1ea1nh \u1ea9m l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a chim.<\/p>\n

B\u1ed3 c\u00e2u n\u1ed9i r\u1ea5t \u00edt th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1ec7nh vi\u00eam \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p m\u00e3n t\u00ednh; m\u00e0 th\u1ea5y b\u1ec7nh x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng b\u00f4 c\u00e2u th\u1ecbt, b\u1ed3 c\u00e2u c\u1ea3nh nh\u1eadp n\u1ed9i, ch\u01b0a th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi. B\u1ec7nh th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y \u1edf b\u1ed3 c\u00e2u non t\u1eeb 1-6 th\u00e1ng. B\u1ed3 c\u00e2u tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ng v\u1edbi b\u1ec7nh.<\/p>\n

4. Ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2013 Ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng: C\u0103n c\u1ee9 theo c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh t\u00edch th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u1edf b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p nh\u01b0 th\u1edf kh\u00f3, g\u1ea7y y\u1ebfu v\u00e0 suy nh\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n vi sinh v\u1eadt v\u00e0 huy\u1ebft thanh: Ph\u00e2n l\u1eadp m\u1ea7m b\u1ec7nh t\u1eeb b\u1ec7nh ph\u1ea9m qua c\u00e1c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nu\u00f4i c\u1ea5y; l\u00e0m c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng huy\u1ebft thanh h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0ng k\u1ebft tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ho\u1eb7c gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ec7nh.<\/p>\n

5. \u0110i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb<\/strong><\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7n nay, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1ng sinh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh Mycoplasmosis \u1edf gia c\u1ea7m v\u00e0 chim tr\u1eddi nh\u01b0 Streptomycin, erytromycin, chlormphenicol, kagnamycin, tylosin, spectinomycin. Nh\u01b0ng hai lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1ng sinh sau \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i v\u00e0 cho hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cao l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

Tylosin: d\u00f9ng li\u1ec1u 10mg\/kg th\u1ec3 tr\u1ecdng, ti\u00eam b\u1eafp th\u1ecbt ho\u1eb7c d\u00f9ng li\u1ec1u 1g pha trong 1 l\u00edt n\u01b0\u1edbc cho u\u1ed1ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c 3-5 ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Tiamulin: d\u00f9ng li\u1ec1u 15mg\/kg th\u1ec3 tr\u1ecdng, ti\u00eam b\u1eafp th\u1ecbt ho\u1eb7c d\u00f9ng li\u1ec1u 2g pha trong 1 l\u00edt n\u01b0\u1edbc cho u\u1ed1ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c 3-5 ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

C\u1ea7n cho chim b\u1ec7nh u\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ed9n th\u1ee9c \u0103n c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i vitamin B1, C, A, D, E \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n

H\u1ed9 l\u00fd: c\u1ea7n gi\u1eef khu chu\u1ed3ng nu\u00f4i b\u1ed3 c\u00e2u kh\u00f4 s\u1ea1ch, tho\u00e1ng m\u00e1t m\u00f9a h\u00e8 v\u00e0 \u1ea5m \u00e1p trong m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng v\u00e0 cho \u0103n \u0111\u00fang kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n qui \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

6. Ph\u00f2ng b\u1ec7nh<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2013 Ph\u00f2ng nhi\u1ec5m b\u1eb1ng ho\u00e1 d\u01b0\u1ee3c: n\u01a1i c\u00f3 l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh b\u1ec7nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hai kh\u00e1ng sinh tr\u00ean ho\u1eb7c oxytetracylin pha v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc 2g\/l\u00edt n\u01b0\u1edbc cho chim u\u1ed1ng m\u1ed7i th\u00e1ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n; m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n 2 ng\u00e0y li\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1ec7 sinh chu\u1ed3ng tr\u1ea1i v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng chim v\u1edbi kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n \u0103n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u00e1c vitamin v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i kho\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n

\u00a0B\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1eadu (Pox disease)<\/strong><\/h3>\n

B\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1eadu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i gia c\u1ea7m v\u00e0 chim tr\u1eddi, ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 r\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp \u1edf c\u00e1c ch\u00e2u l\u1ee5c. B\u1ed3 c\u00e2u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i chim th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1eadu g\u00e2y ra do virut \u0111\u1eadu.<\/p>\n

1. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00e1c nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh? l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t virut thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1eadu g\u00e0 Avian poxvirus, h\u1ecd Poxviridac. Hi\u1ec7n nay, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u00e2n l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee7ng virut \u0111\u1eadu g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh cho c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i gia c\u1ea7m v\u00e0 60 lo\u00e0i chim tr\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c 20 h\u1ecd kh\u00e1c nhau, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7ng g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh cho b\u1ed3 c\u00e2u. (Deoki v\u00e0 Tripathy, 1991).<\/p>\n

Virut \u0111\u1eadu r\u1ea5t m\u1eabn c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi eter v\u00e0 chloroform. C\u00e1c ho\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t sau \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c virut: phenol-1% formalin 1\/1000 sau 9 ng\u00e0y; dung d\u1ecbch NaOH -1% chi trong n\u1eeda gi\u1edd. \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 600C, virut b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft sau 8 ph\u00fat. Trong nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ea1nh \u00e2m virut c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng n\u0103m.<\/p>\n

2. B\u1ec7nh l\u00fd v\u00e0 l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng<\/strong><\/p>\n

Virut x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 b\u1ed3 c\u00e2u ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu qua ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac ngo\u00e0i da. Virut c\u0169ng x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp ni\u00eam m\u1ea1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p nh\u01b0 ni\u00eam m\u1ea1c m\u0169i, ni\u00eam m\u1ea1c ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n khi b\u1ed3 c\u00e2u h\u00edt th\u1edf kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec5m m\u1ea7m b\u1ec7nh. Virut ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1edf c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o bi\u1ec3u b\u00ec da, xung quanh c\u00e1c bao l\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ni\u00eam m\u1ea1c mi\u1ec7ng, v\u00f2m kh\u1ea9u c\u00e1i, t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c n\u1ed1t s\u00f9i \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng cho b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1eadu. C\u00e1c n\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eadu \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ecf, sau m\u1ecdng m\u1ee7 tr\u1eafng, v\u1ee1 ra, ch\u1ea3y d\u1ecbch v\u00e0ng, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i n\u1ed1t lo\u00e9t tr\u00ean ni\u00eam m\u1ea1c ho\u1eb7c tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t da, \u0111\u00f3ng v\u1ea3y m\u00e0u n\u00e2u. C\u00e1c m\u1ee5n \u0111\u1eadu c\u0169ng lan \u0111\u1ebfn ni\u00eam m\u1ea1c m\u1eaft, s\u01b0ng to, v\u1ee1 ra l\u00e0m n\u1ed5 m\u1eaft v\u1eadt b\u1ec7nh.<\/p>\n

Bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng nguy hi\u1ec3m cho chim b\u1ec7nh l\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ee5n \u0111\u1eadu ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1edf ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n ph\u1ed5i, g\u00e2y vi\u00eam ph\u1ed5i c\u1ea5p do b\u1ed9i nhi\u1ec5m c\u00e1c vi khu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, virut \u0111\u1eadu c\u00f2n x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u00eau ho\u00e1, g\u00e2y c\u00e1c t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng ni\u00eam m\u1ea1c d\u1ea1 d\u00e0y v\u00e0 ru\u1ed9t. Chim b\u1ec7nh c\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p ho\u1eb7c ti\u00eau ho\u00e1 s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t b\u1ec7nh n\u1eb7ng, ch\u1ebft trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian 3-5 ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ch\u1ebft 100%.<\/p>\n

B\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng chim b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1eadu, c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c m\u1ee5n \u0111\u1eadu s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n v\u00e0 h\u1ed3i ph\u1ee5c s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb sau 7-10 ng\u00e0y, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ch\u1ebft 15-20%.<\/p>\n

3. D\u1ecbch t\u1ec5 h\u1ecdc<\/strong><\/p>\n

Chim \u1edf c\u00e1c l\u1ee9a tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1eadu. Nh\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y chim non 1-6 th\u00e1ng b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed7i lo\u00e0i chim ho\u1eb7c h\u1ecd chim \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng virut g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng virut n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nhi\u1ec5m ch\u00e9o gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n virut \u0111\u1eadu g\u00e0 (Avian poxvirus) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m cho b\u1ed3 c\u00e2u v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

B\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1eadu c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh virut ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i cho b\u1ed3 c\u00e2u non. B\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1eadu ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n quanh n\u0103m. Nh\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n c\u00f3 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu \u1ea5m, \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt v\u00e0 m\u00f9a thu chuy\u1ec1n sang m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

4. Ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2013 Ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng: c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t c\u00e1c m\u1ee5n \u0111\u1eadu \u1edf m\u1eb7t da v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ni\u00eam m\u1ea1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1eadu.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n virut: ph\u00e2n l\u1eadp virut ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng huy\u1ebft thanh \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1eadu.<\/p>\n

5. \u0110i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh<\/strong><\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 thu\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7u cho virut \u0111\u1eadu. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ho\u00e1 d\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00f4i l\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u1ee5n \u0111\u1eadu \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec5m khu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1ng sinh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb chim b\u1ec7nh c\u00f3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p c\u0169ng do nhi\u1ec5m khu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Thu\u1ed1c b\u00f4i l\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u1ee5n \u0111\u1eadu: Bleu-methylen 5\/1000;\u00a0Lugol 5\/1000<\/p>\n

H\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y b\u00f4i l\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u1ee5n \u0111\u1eadu ngo\u00e0i da c\u1ee7a chim b\u1ec7nh.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m khu\u1ea9n th\u1ee9 ph\u00e1t:<\/p>\n

S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t trong hai kh\u00e1ng sinh sau \u0111\u00e2y ti\u00eam ho\u1eb7c pha n\u01b0\u1edbc cho u\u1ed1ng:<\/p>\n

Tiamulin: Li\u1ec1u 10mg\/kg th\u1ec3 tr\u1ecdng, ti\u00eam b\u1eafp th\u1ecbt li\u00ean t\u1ee5c 3-4 ng\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c li\u1ec1u 1g\/l\u00edt n\u01b0\u1edbc cho u\u1ed1ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c 3-4 ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Oxytetracyclin: Li\u1ec1u 20mg\/kg th\u1ec3 tr\u1ecdng, ti\u00eam b\u1eafp li\u00ean t\u1ee5c 3-4 ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

C\u1ea7n cho chim u\u1ed1ng th\u00eam vitamin B1, C, A, D.<\/p>\n

Nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c t\u1ed1t chim b\u1ec7nh.<\/p>\n

6. Ph\u00f2ng b\u1ec7nh<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2013 Ph\u00f2ng b\u1ec7nh b\u1eb1ng vacxin, ch\u1ee7ng vacxin \u0111\u1eadu nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9c v\u00e0o d\u01b0\u1edbi da cho chim ho\u1eb7c nh\u1ecf v\u00e0o l\u00f4ng c\u00e1nh v\u00e0 b\u00f4i dung d\u1ecbch vacxin v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Vacxin th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng l\u00e0 vacxin virut \u0111\u1eadu nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1ec7 sinh chu\u1ed3ng tr\u1ea1i v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng; gi\u1eef chu\u1ed3ng lu\u00f4n kh\u00f4 s\u1ea1ch, tho\u00e1ng m\u00e1t m\u00f9a h\u00e8, \u1ea5m \u00e1p m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng.<\/p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ec7nh th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p \u1edf chim b\u1ed3 c\u00e2u. B\u1ec7nh th\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00e0n (Salmonellosis) B\u1ec7nh th\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00e0n \u1edf b\u1ed3 c\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u (Pomeroy v\u00e0 Nagaraja, 1991). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ec7nh chung c\u1ee7a b\u1ed3 c\u00e2u, g\u00e0, ngan, ng\u1ed7ng, v\u1ecbt v\u1edbi h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng vi\u00eam […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2218","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/robot.yeupet.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2218","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/robot.yeupet.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/robot.yeupet.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/robot.yeupet.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/robot.yeupet.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2218"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/robot.yeupet.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2218\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/robot.yeupet.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2218"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/robot.yeupet.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2218"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/robot.yeupet.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2218"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}