{"id":2287,"date":"2018-11-19T14:12:08","date_gmt":"2018-11-19T14:12:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/robot.yeupet.vn\/virus-dai-va-benh-dai\/"},"modified":"2018-11-19T14:12:08","modified_gmt":"2018-11-19T14:12:08","slug":"virus-dai-va-benh-dai","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/robot.yeupet.vn\/index.php\/2018\/11\/19\/virus-dai-va-benh-dai\/","title":{"rendered":"Virus D\u1ea1i V\u00e0 B\u1ec7nh D\u1ea1i"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a rabies virus<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Virus d\u1ea1i (Rabies virus) thu\u1ed9c gi\u1ed1ng Lyssavirus, h\u1ecd Rhabdoviridae (h\u1ecd n\u00e0y c\u00f2n c\u00f3 Ephemerovirus v\u00e0 Vesiculovirus). Ngo\u00e0i virus d\u1ea1i, Lyssavirus c\u00f2n c\u00f3 Lagos bat, Mokola virus, Duvenhage virus, European bat virus 1 (EBV1), EBV2 v\u00e0 Australian bat virus (ABV).<br \/>\nVirus d\u1ea1i thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m RNA virus v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c virus c\u00f9ng h\u1ecd do c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1n khi quan s\u00e1t d\u01b0\u1edbi k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img.yeupet.vn\/2018\/11\/virus-dai-va-benh-dai-3.gif\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-5998\" alt=\"virus-dai-va-benh-dai-3\" width=\"320\" height=\"135\"><\/p>\n<p>Virion h\u00ecnh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1n. C\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o: l\u00f5i virus (ribonucleoprotein), matrix protein, l\u1edbp \u00e1o ngo\u00e0i (envolop) v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u201cgai\u201d tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t do c\u00e1c glycoprotein t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n<p><strong>C\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o virus:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c virus kh\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c h\u1ecd Rhabdoviridae, rabies virus c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 180 x 75nm v\u00e0 bao g\u1ed3m hai c\u1ea5u ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00f5i virus (virus core) c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ribonucleoprotein xo\u1eafn (RNP) v\u00e0 l\u1edbp v\u1ecf bao (virus envelop).<br \/>\n<strong>Ribonuceoprotein:<\/strong> bao g\u1ed3m RNA mang b\u1ed9 gene virus v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n nucleoprotein (N protein) c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng g\u00f3i RNA.<\/p>\n<p><strong>B\u1ed9 gene virus<\/strong> (kho\u1ea3ng 12kb) mang leader-sequence (tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1eafng hay tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1; tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u) c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc kho\u1ea3ng 50 nucleotide sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c gene m\u00e3 h\u00f3a cho 5 lo\u1ea1i protein.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img.yeupet.vn\/2018\/11\/virus-dai-va-benh-dai.gif\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-5995\" alt=\"virus-dai-va-benh-dai\" width=\"320\" height=\"178\"><\/p>\n<p>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1eaft ngang c\u1ee7a virus v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng<\/p>\n<p><strong>L\u1edbp v\u1ecf:<\/strong> Hai lo\u1ea1i phosphoprotein (P protein) v\u00e0 polymerase (L protein) li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi RNP. Matrix protein (M protein) bao ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ea7n l\u00f5i, li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi RNP v\u00e0 l\u1edbp v\u1ecf ngo\u00e0i virus c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng quan tr\u1ecdng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eafp r\u00e1p t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c virion. Glycoprotein (G protein) t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh kho\u1ea3ng 400 \u201cgai\u201d c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc kho\u1ea3ng 10 nm tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t virus<\/p>\n<p><strong>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n l\u00ean<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Glycoprotein v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u201cgai\u201d b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ch\u1ee7. Sau khi g\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u1ebf b\u00e0o, virus x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp nh\u1edd c\u00e1c \u201cb\u1ecdng\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb l\u1edbp m\u00e0ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ch\u1ee7 bao b\u1ecdc l\u1ea5y virus \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a virus v\u00e0o t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ch\u1ea5t (pinocytosis). L\u1edbp m\u00e0ng bao c\u1ee7a virus h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi m\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00e0o quan d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng l\u00f5i virus trong nguy\u00ean sinh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o (qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1edfi \u00e1o virus). Sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng, RNA c\u1ee7a virus b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c mRNA (b\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nh\u00e2n l\u00ean trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ch\u1ee7).<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img.yeupet.vn\/2018\/11\/virus-dai-va-benh-dai-2.gif\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-5997\" alt=\"virus-dai-va-benh-dai-2\" width=\"320\" height=\"119\"><\/p>\n<p>B\u1ed9 gene c\u1ee7a virus d\u1ea1i (12kilobase) v\u1edbi \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00ecnh \u201ctr\u1eafng\u201d t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u 3\u2032, ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 c\u00e1c gene m\u00e3 h\u00f3a protein N, P, M, G v\u00e0 L v\u1edbi k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng<\/p>\n<p>Polymerase c\u1ee7a virus ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh sao m\u00e3 ph\u1ea7n leader sequence v\u00e0 mRNA c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i protein. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c protein c\u1ee7a virus \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ribosome c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ch\u1ee7 (c\u00e1c glycoproteiin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ty th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi golgi n\u1ed9i b\u00e0o). T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o (leader strand) v\u00e0 protein N l\u00e0 \u201cc\u00f4ng t\u1eafc\u201d \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nh\u00e2n l\u00ean c\u1ee7a virus. Khi \u201cc\u00f4ng t\u1eafc\u201d n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eadt, b\u1ed9 gene c\u1ee7a virus b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sao m\u00e3 (b\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o b\u1ea3n sao c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c gene, c\u00e1c \u201cstop-codon\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cnonstop-codon\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ecf qua).<\/p>\n<p>Polymerase c\u1ee7a virus t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t v\u00ed tr\u00ed \u0111\u01a1n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u 3\u2032 v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p m\u1ea1ch d\u01b0\u01a1ng. C\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch d\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh khu\u00f4n cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 b\u1ed9 gene. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eafp r\u00e1p, ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p N-P-L g\u00f3i l\u1ea5y RNA virus h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u201cl\u00f5i\u201d virus v\u00e0 protein M (matrix protein) h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh l\u1edbp bao xung quanh l\u00f5i. Ti\u1ebfp theo, cC\u1ea5u tr\u00fac M-RNP k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi glycoprotein t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c virion ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh. C\u00e1c virion tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi m\u00e0ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ch\u1ee7 (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi m\u00e0ng c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o th\u1ea7n kinh thu\u1ed9c h\u1ec7 th\u1ea7n kinh trung \u01b0\u01a1ng (central nervous system; CNS). Trong c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecdt (salivary glands), c\u00e1c virion tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi m\u00e0ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u00fai tuy\u1ebfn (acinar lumen). Virus c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t trong c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecdt c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m khi nh\u1eefng con v\u1eadt \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i k\u00edch th\u00edch c\u1eafn c\u00e1c con v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<p>Virus d\u1ea1i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nu\u00f4i c\u1ea5y trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt m\u00e1u n\u00f3ng (warm blooded animals) m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt bi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng (poikilothermic vertbrate). Virus ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o l\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t vaccine. Virus c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nu\u00f4i c\u1ea5y th\u00edch nghi tr\u00ean ph\u00f4i gia c\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n<p>D\u01a1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt g\u1eb7m nh\u1ea5m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a virus d\u1ea1i. EBV1 v\u00e0 EBV2 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n l\u1eadp t\u1eeb d\u01a1i \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. Virus Duvenhage v\u00e0 EBV2 c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi qu\u00fd tr\u00ecnh l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi, g\u00e2y ch\u1ebft v\u1edbi bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n gi\u1ed1ng b\u1ec7nh d\u1ea1i (rabies-like illness).<br \/>\n<strong>C\u00e1c type huy\u1ebft thanh:<\/strong><br \/>\nSerotype 1: prototype rabies virus<br \/>\nSerotype 2: Logas bat<br \/>\nSerotype 3: Mokola<br \/>\nSerotype 4: Duvenhage<br \/>\nSerotype 5: EBL-1 (European bat lyssavirus)<br \/>\nSerotype 6: EBL-2<\/p>\n<p><strong>D\u1ecbch t\u1ec5<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>B\u1ec7nh d\u1ea1i l\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh chung cho c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi (zoonosis). C\u00e1c lo\u00e0i m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh ch\u00ednh \u1edf c\u00e1c ch\u00e2u l\u1ee5c kh\u00e1c nhau:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u: C\u00e1o v\u00e0 d\u01a1i<\/li>\n<li>Trung \u0110\u00f4ng: S\u00f3i, ch\u00f3<\/li>\n<li>Ch\u00e2u \u00c1: Ch\u00f3<\/li>\n<li>Ch\u00e2u Phi: Ch\u00f3, c\u1ea7y mangut, linh d\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/li>\n<li>B\u1eafc M\u1ef9: C\u00e1o, ch\u1ed3n, g\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, d\u01a1i \u0103n s\u00e2u b\u1ecd<\/li>\n<li>Nam M\u1ef9: Ch\u00f3, d\u01a1i<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>C\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng cho th\u1ea5y vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a d\u01a1i l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n b\u1ec7nh \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f9ng kh\u00e1c nhau tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n sau khi b\u1ecb d\u01a1i c\u1eafn. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, c\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m virus d\u1ea1i tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u00f3 v\u00fa \u0111\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh. Ch\u00f3, m\u00e8o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i gia s\u00fac l\u00e0 nh\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t m\u1eabn c\u1ea3m. Ch\u1ed3n, d\u01a1i, c\u00e1o, s\u00f3c, g\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, c\u1ea7y mangut l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a virus trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/p>\n<p><strong>Sinh b\u1ec7nh h\u1ecdc<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m virus d\u1ea1i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 khi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt mang virus c\u1eafn ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay nh\u1eefng con v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecdt c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh. M\u1ed9t s\u00f4 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ea3y ra nh\u01b0 l\u00e2y qua ni\u00eam m\u1ea1c mi\u1ec7ng, k\u1ebft m\u1ea1c, h\u1eadu m\u00f4n , c\u01a1 quan sinh d\u1ee5c ngo\u00e0i.<br \/>\n\u0110\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m khi virus \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c h\u1ed9p nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng phun s\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m khi v\u00e0o trong c\u00e1c hang d\u01a1i b\u1ecb c\u00f3 virus d\u1ea1i. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5y g\u00e9p gi\u00e1c m\u1ea1c t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m virus.<br \/>\nKhi x\u00e2m nhi\u1ec5m c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o trong trung \u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ea7n kinh, virus th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u00e2y ch\u1ebft v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7. Sau khi x\u00e2m nhi\u1ec5m, virus nh\u00e2n l\u00ean trong c\u00e1c m\u00f4 li\u00ean k\u1ebft t\u1ea1i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp sau \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ea7n kinh ngo\u1ea1i bi\u00ean th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c sinap th\u1ea7n kinh-c\u01a1 r\u1ed3i t\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ea7n kinh trung \u01b0\u01a1ng. Tuy v\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o th\u1ea7n kinh nhi\u1ec5m virus \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u truc b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf l\u00e0m bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n kinh \u1edf m\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed v\u1eabn \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u1ee7 b\u1ec7nh thay \u0111\u1ed5i r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y cho \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0i n\u0103m ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng virus nhi\u1ec5m v\u00e0o v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7;<\/li>\n<li>T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/li>\n<li>V\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng (v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e0ng g\u1ea7n n\u00e3o b\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t b\u1ec7nh c\u00e0ng nhanh)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>B\u1ec7nh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ti\u1ec1n ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9. C\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 s\u1ed1t, kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu, ch\u00e1n \u0103n ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecf \u0103n, vi\u00eam h\u1ecdng, \u0111au c\u01a1, \u0111au \u0111\u1ea7u, d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb k\u00edch th\u00edch, r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c xung quanh v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng. C\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n th\u00e0nh hai th\u1ec3:<br \/>\n(1) th\u1ec3 k\u00edch th\u00edch hay \u201chung d\u1eef\u201d v\u1edbi c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i k\u00edch th\u00edch, co gi\u1eadt, s\u1ee3 n\u01b0\u1edbc<br \/>\n(2) th\u1ec3 \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf hay \u201cl\u1ea7m l\u00ec\u201d ho\u1eb7c d\u1ea1ng \u201cc\u00e2m\u201d v\u1edbi bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n t\u00ea li\u1ec7t. Th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian s\u1ed1ng sau khi ph\u00e1t b\u1ec7nh d\u00e0i h\u01a1n.<br \/>\nC\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p l\u00e0 c\u00e1c r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ec7 tim m\u1ea1ch, trung \u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ea7n kinh, r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p, t\u0103ng \u00e1p l\u1ef1c xoang s\u1ecd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn co gi\u1eadt, r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n th\u1ea7n kinh t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7.<br \/>\nC\u00e1c bi\u00eau hi\u1ec7n b\u1ec7nh d\u1ec5 g\u00e2y nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ec7nh nh\u01b0 u\u1ed1n v\u00e1n (tetanus), vi\u00eam t\u1ee7y (poliomyelitis), h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng Guillain-Bare, vi\u00eam n\u00e3o do virus , ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n b\u1ec7nh<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m:<\/strong> Bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p:<br \/>\n\u2013 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u00f4 b\u1ec7nh h\u1ecdc (histopathology)<br \/>\n\u2013 Nu\u00f4i c\u1ea5y m\u00f4 v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n l\u1eadp virus (tisue culture and virus \u00edolation)<br \/>\n\u2013 Huy\u1ebft thanh h\u1ecdc (serology)<br \/>\n\u2013 Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n kh\u00e1ng nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a virus (viral antigen detection)<br \/>\nM\u1ed7i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang<br \/>\n+ Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u00f4 b\u1ec7nh h\u1ecdc t\u00ecm th\u1ec3 Th\u1ec3 Negri (l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a virus d\u1ea1i<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img.yeupet.vn\/2018\/11\/virus-dai-va-benh-dai-1.jpeg\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-5996\" alt=\"virus-dai-va-benh-dai-1\" width=\"320\" height=\"249\"><\/p>\n<p>Th\u1ec3 Negri trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o th\u1ea7n<br \/>\nkinh nhi\u1ec5m virus (m\u0169i t\u00ean ch\u1ec9)<\/p>\n<p>Tuy v\u1eady, c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf kho\u1ea3ng 70% tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec5m virus.<br \/>\n+ Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nu\u00f4i c\u1ea5y virus: M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u00f2ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong nu\u00f4i c\u1ea5y ph\u00e2n l\u1eadp virus bao g\u1ed3m WI-38 (nguy\u00ean b\u00e0o s\u1ee3i t\u1eeb ph\u1ed5i), BHK-21 (t\u1ebf b\u00e0o th\u1eadn chu\u1ed9t), t\u1ebf b\u00e0o t\u1eeb ph\u00f4i gia c\u1ea7m (CER).<br \/>\nT\u00ecm b\u1ec7nh t\u00edch t\u1ebf b\u00e0o (cytopathic effect): Bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i (altered shape), bong t\u00e1ch kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c \u0111\u0129a c\u1ea5y (detachted from substrate), l\u00e0m tan t\u1ebf b\u00e0o (lysis), kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u1eafn k\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u201clai\u201d v\u1edbi m\u00e0ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o (membrane fusion), thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ednh th\u1ea5m c\u1ee7a m\u00e0ng (membrane permeability), t\u1ea1o th\u1ec3 v\u00f9i (inclusion body) v\u00e0 g\u00e2y ch\u1ebft (apoptosis).<br \/>\nX\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u1edfi s\u1ef1 (initiation factor; IF) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ng nguy\u00ean virus trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nu\u00f4i c\u1ea5y.<br \/>\nPh\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n virus d\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ti\u00eam d\u1ecbch m\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecdt v\u00e0 m\u00f4 t\u1eeb n\u00e3o b\u1ed9 v\u00e0o n\u00e3o chu\u1ed9t. N\u1ebfu trong m\u00f4 ch\u1ee9a virus d\u1ea1i, chu\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng li\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft kho\u1ea3ng 28 ng\u00e0y sau khi g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m. Ki\u1ec3m tra n\u00e3o t\u00ecm virus b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch hu\u1ef3nh quang.<br \/>\n+ Ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n huy\u1ebft thanh h\u1ecdc:<br \/>\nKh\u00e1ng th\u1ec3 virus d\u1ea1i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n ch\u1eadm sau khi c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m nh\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng:<br \/>\nPh\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng trung h\u00f2a tr\u00ean chu\u1ed9t (mouse infection neutralization test: MNT) v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf \u0111i\u1ec3m hu\u1ef3ng quang t\u1ee9c th\u00ec (rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test: RFFIT) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng enzyme (enzyme immunoassays: EIAs). Ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n huy\u1ebft thanh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t trong ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n b\u1ec7nh d\u1ea1i.<br \/>\n+ Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nhanh kh\u00e1ng nguy\u00ean virus:<br \/>\nTrong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u (IF) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i. C\u00e1c m\u00f4 c\u1ea7n ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u00e0ng gi\u00e1c m\u1ea1c hay da c\u1ed5) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee7 v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u hu\u1ef3nh quang sau \u0111\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m tra d\u01b0\u1edbi k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi hu\u1ef3nh quang t\u00ecm c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 v\u00f9i trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o th\u1ea7n kinh c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c trong c\u00e1c m\u00f4 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng b\u1ec7nh<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 nhi\u1ec5m virus cao nh\u01b0 b\u00e1c s\u1ef9 th\u00fa y, nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m, c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i, nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt hoang d\u00e3 v.v. , vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ti\u00eam vaccine r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. Mi\u1ec5n dich thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp sau 3 li\u1ec1u ti\u00eam. Kh\u00e1ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 100% tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eam. Ti\u00eam nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n 1-3 n\u0103m m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1. Vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f9ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa \u00fd (k\u1ebf c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eam vaccine)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Khi b\u1ecb gia s\u00fac (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ch\u00f3 m\u00e8o trong v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 d\u1ecbch) c\u1eafn, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i theo d\u00f5i nh\u1eefng con v\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 10 ng\u00e0y. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n nghi b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m virus d\u1ea1i, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ebft con v\u1eadt v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0110i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng: Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c d\u1eadp n\u00e1t, r\u1eeda v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c dung d\u1ecbch s\u00e1t tr\u00f9ng, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean kh\u00e2u k\u00edn v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng. Th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m cho th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf nhi\u1ec5m virus n\u1ebfu v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u1ed1t.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>T\u1ea1o mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9ng: Human rabies immunoglobulin ti\u00eam trong da xung quanh v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00f2ng virus trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn. Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cao h\u01a1n vi\u1ec7c n\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng. Equine rabies immunoglobulin (d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u1ee7a ng\u1ef1a) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 r\u1ebb h\u01a1n Human rabies immunoglobulin (dung c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>T\u1ea1o mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng: 5 li\u1ec1u vaccine th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ti\u00eam v\u00e0o v\u00f9ng c\u01a1 delta (vaccine t\u1eeb nu\u00f4i c\u1ea5y virus tr\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o l\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a th\u00edch h\u01a1n)!!!!!<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Ti\u00eam vaccine ph\u00f2ng b\u1ec7nh cho ch\u00f3, m\u00e8o c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c theo d\u00f5i ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong ph\u00f2ng b\u1ec7nh d\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i vaccine ph\u00f2ng b\u1ec7nh d\u1ea1i: M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i vaccine nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9c ph\u00f2ng d\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng cho \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Vaccine ph\u00f2ng d\u1ea1i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i l\u00e0 c\u00e1c vaccine b\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t:<br \/>\n\u2013 Vaccine t\u1ea1o m\u00f4 th\u1ea7n kinh nhi\u1ec5m virus<br \/>\n\u2013 Vaccine t\u1ea1o tr\u00ean ph\u00f4i v\u1ecbt<br \/>\n\u2013 Vaccine t\u1ea1o tr\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o l\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Xem th\u00eam: B\u1ec7nh d\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba<\/p>\n<p><strong>T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Wunner W.H. (1991): The chemical composition and molecular structure of rabies virus (the natural history of rabies).<br \/>\nwww.mgn.ufl.edu<br \/>\nwww.cdc.gov\/ncidod\/dvrd\/rabies<br \/>\nhttp:\/\/virology-online.com<\/p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a rabies virus Virus d\u1ea1i (Rabies virus) thu\u1ed9c gi\u1ed1ng Lyssavirus, h\u1ecd Rhabdoviridae (h\u1ecd n\u00e0y c\u00f2n c\u00f3 Ephemerovirus v\u00e0 Vesiculovirus). Ngo\u00e0i virus d\u1ea1i, Lyssavirus c\u00f2n c\u00f3 Lagos bat, Mokola virus, Duvenhage virus, European bat virus 1 (EBV1), EBV2 v\u00e0 Australian bat virus (ABV). Virus d\u1ea1i thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m RNA virus v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2287","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/robot.yeupet.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2287","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/robot.yeupet.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/robot.yeupet.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/robot.yeupet.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/robot.yeupet.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2287"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/robot.yeupet.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2287\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/robot.yeupet.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2287"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/robot.yeupet.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2287"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/robot.yeupet.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2287"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}