{"id":2290,"date":"2018-11-19T14:14:08","date_gmt":"2018-11-19T14:14:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/robot.yeupet.vn\/nhung-chat-doc-thuong-gap-trong-thu-y\/"},"modified":"2018-11-19T14:14:08","modified_gmt":"2018-11-19T14:14:08","slug":"nhung-chat-doc-thuong-gap-trong-thu-y","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/robot.yeupet.vn\/index.php\/2018\/11\/19\/nhung-chat-doc-thuong-gap-trong-thu-y\/","title":{"rendered":"Nh\u1eefng Ch\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ed9c Th\u01b0\u1eddng G\u1eb7p Trong Th\u00fa Y"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span><strong>1. Ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ea7n kinh trung \u01b0\u01a1ng (central nervous system toxicants)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c l\u00e0m t\u00ea li\u1ec7t th\u1ea7n kinh:<\/strong> Bromethalin<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Chocolate (methylxanthines)<\/li>\n<li>Lead (ch\u00ec)<\/li>\n<li>Metaldehyde<\/li>\n<li>Ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9a clo h\u1eefu c\u01a1 di\u1ec7t c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng (organochlorine insecticides)<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c pyrethrin v\u00e0 pyrethoid<\/li>\n<li>Strychnine<\/li>\n<li>Ure<\/li>\n<li>Ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y m\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/li>\n<li>Ch\u1ea5t t\u1eeb c\u00e2y Cicuta maculata<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img.yeupet.vn\/2018\/11\/nhung-chat-doc-thuong-gap-trong-thu-y.jpeg\" class=\"aligncenter  wp-image-7786\" alt=\"nhung-chat-doc-thuong-gap-trong-thu-y\" width=\"277\" height=\"380\"><\/p>\n<p><strong>Ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c g\u00e2y suy nh\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea7n kinh<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Anticholinergic drugs (c\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c ch\u1ed1ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ki\u1ec3u colin)<\/li>\n<li>Bluebonnets (lo\u00e0i Lupinus)<\/li>\n<li>Ethylene glycol<\/li>\n<li>Ivermectin<\/li>\n<li>Jimsonweed (Datura spp.)<\/li>\n<li>Ch\u00ec<\/li>\n<li>Locoweed (Astragalus v\u00e0 Oxytropis spp.)<\/li>\n<li>Marijuana (Cannabis sativa)<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c di\u1ec7t c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng c\u00f3 g\u00f4c phosphate (organophosphate insecticides)<\/li>\n<li>R\u1ec5 c\u00e2y r\u1eafn tr\u1eafng (white snake roots: Eupatorium rugosum)<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e2y k\u1ebf sao v\u00e0ng (Yellow star thistle: Centaurea solstitialis)<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ea7n kinh ngo\u1ea1i bi\u00ean<\/li>\n<li>Blue-green algae anatoxin-a<\/li>\n<li>Botulin<\/li>\n<li>Larkspur (Delphinium sp.)<\/li>\n<li>Tick paralysis<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><span>2. Ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u00eau h\u00f3a<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u1ebft n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecdt<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Blue-green algae anatoxin-a<\/li>\n<li>Carbamate<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c di\u1ec7t c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng c\u00f3 g\u00f4c phosphate (organophosphate insecticides)<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e2y ch\u1ee9a tinh th\u1ec3 oxalate kh\u00f4ng h\u00f2a tan nh\u01b0 h\u1ecd Araceae v\u00e0 h\u1ecd Euphorbiaceae<\/li>\n<li>Pyrethroid<\/li>\n<li>Slaframine<\/li>\n<li>Bufo toad<\/li>\n<li>Ch\u1ea5t \u0103n m\u00f2n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1ea1 d\u00e0y ru\u1ed9t<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Aspirin<\/li>\n<li>A-sen<\/li>\n<li>Ch\u00ec<\/li>\n<li>Ibuprofen<\/li>\n<li>Naproxen<\/li>\n<li>Oak (c\u00e2y s\u1ed3i)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c g\u00e2y n\u00f4n<\/strong><br \/>\nNhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y n\u00f4n<br \/>\n<strong>Thu\u1ed1c ch\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u1ed9c d\u1ea1 d\u00e0y<\/strong><br \/>\nTri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng: \u00f4n \u1ecde, t\u0103ng ti\u1ebft n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecdt (hypersalivation), b\u1ed3n ch\u1ed3n\u2026<br \/>\nC\u01a1 ch\u1ebf t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng qua trung t\u00e2m n\u1eb1m t\u1ea1i h\u00e0nh n\u00e3o g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1y c\u1ee7a bu\u1ed3ng n\u00e3o IV (n\u00e3o th\u1ea5t s\u1ed1 4) v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ee5 quan v\u1edbi h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t (chemoreceptors)n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i h\u1ec7 ng\u0103n cach m\u00e1u-n\u00e3o b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn d\u1ecbch th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb h\u1ec7 tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n c\u00f9ng, d\u1ecbch n\u00e3o t\u1ee7y.<\/p>\n<p>C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf g\u00e2y n\u00f4n: C\u00e1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2m truy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 trung khu n\u00f4n: C\u00e1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a d\u1ecbch th\u1ec3, ch\u1ea5t nh\u1ea7y t\u1ea1i thanh qu\u1ea3n, ch\u1ea5t nh\u1ea7y ti\u1ebft t\u1ea1i ni\u00eam m\u1ea1c d\u1ea1 d\u00e0y ru\u1ed9t, t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng ni\u00eam m\u1ea1c d\u1ea1 d\u00e0y ru\u1ed9t, t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng qua th\u00e2n fkinh m\u00ea t\u1ea9u (d\u00e2y s\u1ed1 X), t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng truy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 n\u00e3o b\u1ed9 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u1ec3u n\u00e3o v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>Xung \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2m t\u1eeb trung t\u00e2m n\u00f4n \u0111\u1ebfn: C\u01a1 ho\u00e0nh (ho\u00e0nh c\u00e1ch m\u00f4), tuy\u1ebfn n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecdt, th\u1ef1c qu\u1ea3n, th\u1ea7n kinh s\u1ecd n\u00e3o g\u00e2y h\u00edt v\u00e0o s\u00e2u, \u0111\u00f3ng khe ti\u1ebfng (co thanh m\u00f4n), gi\u00e3n c\u01a1 th\u1eaft th\u1ef1c qu\u1ea3n, t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f9ng ni\u00eam m\u1ea1c sau m\u0169i tr\u01b0\u1edbc y\u1ebft h\u1ea7u, co c\u01a1 ho\u00e0nh, co c\u01a1 th\u00e0nh b\u1ee5ng, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea7n sau th\u1ef1c qu\u1ea3n, t\u1ed1ng (kh\u00f4ng theo ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbch, do c\u00e1c l\u01b0vj t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng )ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9a trong d\u1ea1 d\u00e0y ra ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>V\u00f9ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u1ee5 quan v\u1edbi h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t(chemoreceptor trigger zone)<\/li>\n<li>L\u00e0 cach t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c g\u00e2y n\u00f4n nh\u01b0 apomorphine, ipecac.<\/li>\n<li>K\u00edch th\u00edch c\u1ee7a CRTZ d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng dopamine, histamine, norepinephrine, serotonin.<\/li>\n<li>Nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t d\u1eabn truy\u1ec1n n\u00e0y k\u00edch th\u00edch trung t\u00e2m n\u00f4n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><span>3. Nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Ch\u1ea5t t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn tim<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 mao \u0111\u1ecba ho\u00e0ng&gt; Digitalis spp.<\/li>\n<li>Nerium oleander<\/li>\n<li>Rhododendron spp.<\/li>\n<li>Nh\u1ef1a c\u00f3c<\/li>\n<li>T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u01a1 tim: gossypol. ionophore<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nh\u1ecbp tim: Amphetamine<\/li>\n<li>Caffein<\/li>\n<li>Chocolate (ch\u1ea5t theobromine)<\/li>\n<li>Cocaine<\/li>\n<li>Cyanide<\/li>\n<li>Ephedrine, pseudoephedrine<\/li>\n<li>Metaldehyde<\/li>\n<li>Monensine<\/li>\n<li>Nitrate<\/li>\n<li>Thu\u1ed1c tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u ch\u1ee9a g\u1ed1c phosphate<\/li>\n<li>Phencyclidine hydrochloride (PCP)<\/li>\n<li>Theophylline<\/li>\n<li>Ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m nh\u1ecbp tim:<\/li>\n<li>Ch\u1ea5t t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1ng alpha adrenaline<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf b\u01a1m Ca2+ tr\u00ean m\u00e0ng c\u01a1 tim<\/li>\n<li>Carbamate<\/li>\n<li>Mao \u0111\u1ecba ho\u00e0ng<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf , gi\u1ea3m \u0111au t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng qua m\u00e0ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o: Ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f3a beta, encainidine, procainamide.<\/li>\n<li>Ch\u1ea5t tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u g\u1ed1c phosphate<\/li>\n<li>Physostigmine<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y dung huy\u1ebft:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0110\u1ed3ng, c\u00e2y g\u1ed7 th\u00edch, k\u1ebdm\u2026<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i haemoglobin \u2013 methemoglobin<\/strong> (l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m hem \u1edf d\u1ea1ng oxy h\u00f3a v\u1edbi ion Fe3+:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Acetaminophen<\/li>\n<li>Benzocaine<\/li>\n<li>Chlorate<\/li>\n<li>Lidocaine<\/li>\n<li>Methylene blue (xanh methylen)<\/li>\n<li>Nitrate<\/li>\n<li>H\u00e0nh (ch\u1ea5t N-propyl disulfide)<\/li>\n<li>K\u1ebdm<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn hemoglobin g\u00e2y c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng: T\u00edm t\u00e1i, kh\u00f3 th\u1edf, m\u00e1u c\u00f3 m\u00e0u n\u00e2u hay m\u00e0u s\u00f4 c\u00f4 la.<\/li>\n<li>Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u00e2n t\u1eed hemoglobin: \u1ede d\u1ea1ng oxy h\u00f3a, ion Fe2+ bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i sang d\u1ea1ng Fe3+<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m t\u0103ng ch\u1ea3y m\u00e1u:<\/strong><br \/>\nThu\u1ed1c di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt g\u1eb7m nh\u1ea5m (nh\u01b0 thu\u1ed1c chu\u1ed9t)<br \/>\nPteridium spp.<br \/>\nMelilotus spp.<br \/>\nC\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e1u.<\/p>\n<p><strong>V\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 sinh b\u1ec7nh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e1u:<\/strong><br \/>\nC\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e1u do gan s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh trong m\u00e1u<br \/>\nNhi\u1ec1u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3y ra li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e1u: C\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf b\u00ean trong, b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf chung.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o:<br \/>\nTh\u1eddi gian h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh prothrombin (prothrombin time- PT) hay (one-stage prothrombin time \u2013 OSPT) s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c chung nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e1u VII, X, V, II v\u00e0 fibrinogen<br \/>\nTh\u1eddi gian thromboplastin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u1ea1t h\u00f3a m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n (activated partial thromboplastin time-aPTT) s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e1u n\u1ed9i t\u1ecba (b\u00ean trong) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 chung XII, XI, IX, VIII, X, V, II v\u00e0 fibrinogen\u00b4<br \/>\nC\u00e1c protein ch\u1ecbu t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00e1ng vitamin K (PIVKA)r\u1ea5t nh\u1ea1y khi c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 II, VII, IX, X b\u1ecb \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec5m c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m thu\u1ed1c di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt g\u1eb7m nh\u1ea5m.<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e1u:<br \/>\nT\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c vitamin K: II, VII, IX, X<br \/>\nTh\u1eddi gian t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i<br \/>\nS\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u1ec3u c\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i<\/p>\n<p><span><strong>4.C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u01a1 v\u00e2n<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<strong>Ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Gossypol<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c ionophore nh\u01b0 monensin, lasalocid, salinomycin<\/li>\n<li>Sennas (Cassia spp.)<\/li>\n<li>Thermopsis montana<\/li>\n<li>Vitamin E: Thi\u1ebfu selen<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Ch\u1ea5t li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng y\u1ebfu c\u01a1 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e8:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Juglans nigrum<\/li>\n<li>Ergot alkaloid<\/li>\n<li>Fluoride<\/li>\n<li>Selenium<\/li>\n<li>Sorghum (c\u00e2y l\u00faa mi\u1ebfn?)<\/li>\n<li>Th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u vitamin D<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span><strong>5. C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi sinh s\u1ea3n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>G\u00e2y v\u00f4 sinh:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Gossypol: g\u00e2y v\u00f4 sinh nam gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ef1c<\/li>\n<li>Zearalenone<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>G\u00e2y s\u1ea3y thai:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Broomweed (Gutierrezia hay Xanthocephalum spp.)<\/li>\n<li>Locoweed (Astragalus spp.)<\/li>\n<li>Th\u00f4ng l\u00e1 kim v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng Ponderosa (Pinus ponderosa)<\/li>\n<li>Prostagladin<\/li>\n<li>Sumpweed (Iva angustifolia)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n thai:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Bluebonnet (Lupinus spp.)<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e2y c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9c (Conium maculatum)<\/li>\n<li>C\u1ea3i b\u1eafp h\u00f4i (Veratrum californicum)<\/li>\n<li>Sorghum (c\u00e2y l\u00faa mi\u1ebfn?)<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 d\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 prednisone, vitamin A<\/li>\n<li>Thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 (Nicotiana tabacum)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span><strong>6. Ch\u1ea5t t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn da<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>H\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng qu\u00e1 m\u1eabn v\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng (qu\u00e1 m\u1eabn s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p)<\/strong><br \/>\nC\u00e1c th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt ch\u1ee9a nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t s\u1eafc t\u1ed1 c\u00f3 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi furocoumarin c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp g\u00e2y ra ch\u1ee9ng \u201cvi\u00eam da do \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng\u201d m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trao \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ea5t:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Furocoumarin trong c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y h\u1ecd umbelliferae nh\u01b0 c\u1ea7n t\u00e2y, m\u00f9i t\u00e2y; Ammi majus, Dicentra cucullaria.<\/li>\n<li>Fagopyrin trong ki\u1ec1u m\u1ea1ch (Fagopyrum esculentum)<\/li>\n<li>Perloline trong Lolium perenne<\/li>\n<li>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5t ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 trong c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y nh\u01b0 c\u1ecf ba l\u00e1 (Trifolium spp.), y\u1ebfn m\u1ea1ch (Avena sativa), c\u1ea3i d\u1ea7u (Brassica napus), c\u1ecf linh l\u0103ng (alfalfa: Medicago spp.)<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m: Phenothiazine, sulfonamide, tatracycline.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y h\u1ed9i qu\u00e1 m\u1eabn v\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng (d\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p):<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t trong th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>C\u00e1c pyrrolizidine alkaloid<\/li>\n<li>Echium, salvation Jane (Echium spp.)<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e2y v\u00f2i voi (Heliotroppium spp.)<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e2y l\u01b0\u1ee1i ch\u00f3 (Cynoglossum officinale)<\/li>\n<li>C\u1ecf l\u01b0\u1ee1i ch\u00f3, c\u1ecf c\u00fac b\u1ea1c (Senecio spp.)<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e2y b\u1ed3m b\u1ed9p (Crotalaria spp.)<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c saponin: Agave lecheguilla<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c triterpen: C\u00e2y c\u1ee9t l\u1ee3n (Lantana camara)<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 trong c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y: Kochia scoparia, Nolina texana, Panicum coloratum, c\u1ecf t\u1eafc<\/li>\n<li>(Panicum spp.)<\/li>\n<li>H\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m: Carbon tetrachloride, \u0111\u1ed3ng, s\u1eaft<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c n\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ed9c: Sporodesmin (Pithomyces chartarum); Tricothecenes (Fusarium spp.), Aflatoxin (Aspergillus spp.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt hay h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn gan l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng gan, gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3 bilirubin. Gan c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u00e1ch c\u00e1c s\u1eafc t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 chlorophyll.<\/p>\n<p>\u1ede \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt nhai l\u1ea1i, chlorophyll \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i vi khu\u1ea9n d\u1ea1 c\u1ecf bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh phylloerythrin. Phylloerythrin v\u00e0o m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u v\u00e0 l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng trong h\u1ec7 tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c mao m\u1ea1ch bi\u1ec3u b\u00ec t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch th\u00edch b\u1edfitia t\u1eed ngo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 tr\u1edf l\u00ean tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao. Tuy nhi\u00ean, phylloerythrin kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n sinh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 n\u00ean c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t s\u1eafc t\u1ed1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c m\u00f4 xung quanh l\u00e0m s\u1ea3n sinh c\u00e1c g\u1ed1c t\u1ef1 do (free radicals). Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y di\u1ec5n ra m\u1ea1nh khi c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng da \u00edt s\u1eafc t\u1ed1. C\u00e1c g\u1ed1c t\u1ef1 do t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng da v\u1edbi bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n ban \u0111\u1ecf, ph\u00f9 n\u1ec1, ng\u1ee9a, h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c m\u1ee5n v\u00e0 b\u1ecdng n\u01b0\u1edbc, ho\u1ea1i t\u1eed da.<br \/>\nCh\u1ea5t t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00f4ng<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0110\u1ed3ng (copper)<\/li>\n<li>Selen (selenium)<\/li>\n<li>Molip\u0111en (molybdenum)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><span>7. Ch\u1ea5t \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1eaft<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y gi\u00e3n \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u1eed (Mydriasis)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1ng histamine<\/li>\n<li>Atropine<\/li>\n<li>Ivermectin<\/li>\n<li>Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)<\/li>\n<li>Ch\u00ec<\/li>\n<li>Marijuana<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng atropine (nh\u01b0 Datura)<\/li>\n<li>Ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng suy nh\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m ba v\u00f2ng benzen.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y co \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u1eed (Miosis)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Carbanmate<\/li>\n<li>Nicotine<\/li>\n<li>Opiate (thu\u1ed1c phi\u1ec7n)<\/li>\n<li>Ch\u1ea5t tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u c\u00f3 g\u1ed1c phosphate<\/li>\n<li>Physostigmine<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><span>8. Ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebft ni\u1ec7u<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eadn<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>1. C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt:<\/strong><br \/>\nCocklebur (Xanthium spp.)<br \/>\nS\u1ed3i (Quercus spp.)<br \/>\nPigweed (Amaranthus spp.)<br \/>\nC\u00e1c th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt ch\u1ee9a h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t nh\u00f3m oxalate: C\u1ee7 c\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng (Beta vulgaris), ch\u00fat ch\u00edt (Rumex spp.), Kochia scoparia, halogeton (Halogeton glomeratus).<br \/>\n<strong>2. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eadn:<\/strong><br \/>\nAcetaminophen<br \/>\nAminoglycoside<br \/>\nAmphotericin B<br \/>\nPolymyxin B<br \/>\nSulfonamide<br \/>\nThiacetarsemide<br \/>\nC\u00e1c thu\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1ng vi\u00eam kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m steroid: Aspirin, phenylbutazone, ibuprofen, indomethacin<br \/>\n<strong>3. C\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i:<\/strong> As, Cu, Pb, Zn<br \/>\n<strong>4. C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t n\u1ed9i sinh:<\/strong> Hemoglobin (hemolysis \u2013 dung huy\u1ebft), myoglobin (rhabdomyolysis).<br \/>\n<strong>5. C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c:<\/strong> Ch\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i g\u1eb7m nh\u1ea5m thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m cholecalciferol, citrinin, ethylene glycol, ochatoxin.<\/p>\n<p><strong>C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e0ng quang (b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e1i)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>D\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ec9 (Pteridium spp.)<\/li>\n<li>Cantharidin (t\u1eeb blister beetle)<\/li>\n<li>Cyclophosphamide<\/li>\n<li>Sorghum cystitis<\/li>\n<li>C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>1. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u1ed9c:<\/strong><br \/>\nC\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan thu\u1ed9c h\u1ec7 ti\u1ebft ni\u1ec7u m\u1eabm c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c do:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>L\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e1u tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n chi\u1ebfm t\u1eeb 20-25% l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e1u t\u1eeb tim \u0111i ra sau m\u1ed7i k\u1ef3 t\u00e2m thu, do ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o thu\u1ed9c h\u1ec7 ti\u1ebft ni\u1ec7u c\u00f3 ti\u00eau hao n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e0o th\u1ea3i c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o n\u1ed9i m\u1ea1c trong c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3n c\u1ea7u c\u00f3 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u1edbn<\/li>\n<li>Do ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a th\u1eadn<\/li>\n<li>Do ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u00e1i h\u1ea5p thu (kho\u1ea3ng 90% n\u01b0\u1edbc)<\/li>\n<li>Do s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c trong m\u00e1u v\u00e0 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ec3u. 2. C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u1ed9c:<\/li>\n<li>Ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c l\u00e0m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3n c\u1ea7u th\u1eadn do l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e1u l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng qua b\u00fai m\u1ea1ch qu\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3n c\u1ea7u th\u00f4ng qua t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0m co m\u1ea1ch (b\u1edfi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng renin-angiotensin) c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1ng vi\u00eam kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m steroid. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00ec l\u00e0m c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng th\u1eadn (do t\u0103ng \u00e1p l\u1ef1c trong \u1ed1ng th\u1eadn v\u00e0 do c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t t\u00edch t\u1ee5 trong l\u00f2ng \u1ed1ng \u2026).<\/li>\n<li>G\u00e2y t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 \u1ed1ng th\u1eadn (nh\u01b0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a amphotericin B v\u00e0 aminoglycoside).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>2. Ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a th\u1eadn:<\/strong><br \/>\nX\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m m\u00e1u: Nit\u01a1 n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ec3u trong m\u00e1u (d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u khi c\u00e1c m\u00f4 th\u1eadn b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng), creatinine huy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng<br \/>\nKi\u1ec3m tra n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ec3u: T\u0103ng n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 Na, glycose, protein, c\u00e1c enzym nh\u01b0 alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase.<\/p>\n<p><strong>3. \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ea3i tr\u1eeb:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u2013 \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ea5u th\u1eadn theo c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c:<br \/>\nCx= (n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t trong n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ec3u (mg\/ml) X th\u1ec3 t\u00edch n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ec3u t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng ml\/ph\u00fat) \/ n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3 trong huy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng)<br \/>\nCh\u00fa \u00fd v\u1ec1 Inulin l\u00e0 polysacccharide kh\u00f4ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi protein nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i th\u1eadn. Creatinine: S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a trao \u0111\u1ed5i protein .<\/p>\n<p><strong>4. Bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u2013 Suy th\u1eadn c\u1ea5p: N\u00f4n m\u1eeda, bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Nit\u01a1 trong m\u00e1u (azotemia), m\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111a ni\u1ec7u, ch\u1ea3y m\u00e1u trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u00eau h\u00f3a.<br \/>\n\u2013 Suy th\u1eadn m\u00e3n: Cao huy\u1ebft \u00e1p (hypertension) do t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng renin-angiotensin-aldosterone v\u00e0 do Na, n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecb gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3.<br \/>\nGi\u1ea3m Ca huy\u1ebft (hypocalcemia), thi\u1ebfu m\u00e1u, gi\u1ea3m erythropoietin (m\u1ed9t glycoprotein hormon do th\u1eadn ti\u1ebft ra c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng k\u00edch th\u00edch giai \u0111o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ec7t h\u00f3a t\u1ea1o h\u1ed3ng c\u1ea7u).<\/p>\n<p><strong><span>9. C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn gan<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Agave (Agave lecheguilla)<\/li>\n<li>Bitter weed (Hymenoxys spp.)<\/li>\n<li>Blue-green algae<\/li>\n<li>Cocklebur (Xanthium strumatium)<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e2y c\u1ecd m\u00e8 (Cycas v\u00e0 Zamia spp.)<\/li>\n<li>Fireweed (Kochia scoparia)<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e2y c\u1ee9t l\u1ee3n (lantana , Lantana camna)<\/li>\n<li>Hoa lan chu\u00f4ng (Lily of the valley): Convallaria majalis<\/li>\n<li>N\u1ea5m (mushroom): Amanita spp.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt c\u00f3 pyrrolizindine alkaloid<\/li>\n<li>Sneezeweed (Helenium spp.)<\/li>\n<li>R\u1ec5 c\u00e2y s\u00f3ng r\u1eafn (Eupatorium rugosum)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Acetaminophen<\/li>\n<li>Diazepam<\/li>\n<li>S\u1eaft<\/li>\n<li>Halothan<\/li>\n<li>Mebendazole<\/li>\n<li>Phenobarbital<\/li>\n<li>Phenytoin<\/li>\n<li>Thiacetarsemide<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i n\u1ea5m m\u1ed1c:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Aflatoxin<\/li>\n<li>Fumonisin<\/li>\n<li>Sporidesmin<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>C\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Asen<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u1ed3ng<\/li>\n<li>S\u1eaft<\/li>\n<li>Ph\u1ed1t pho<\/li>\n<li>K\u1ebdm<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>C\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m d\u00f9ng trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>D\u1ea7u b\u1ea1c h\u00e0 h\u0103ng (pennyroyal oil)<\/li>\n<li>Phenol v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t phenol<\/li>\n<li>D\u1ea7u th\u00f4ng<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m chung c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u1ed9c gan<\/strong><br \/>\nGan l\u00e0 c\u01a1 quan c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng kh\u1eed \u0111\u1ed9c (m\u00e1u t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u00eau h\u00f3a theo t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch c\u1eeda v\u1ec1 gan tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0o v\u00f2ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n l\u1edbn). V\u00ec v\u1eady gan c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng kh\u1eed \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u00fang \u0111i v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 tu\u1ea7n to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n<p>C\u0169ng ch\u00ednh v\u00ec l\u00fd do tr\u00ean, gan c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u01a1 quan ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t trung gian c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trao \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t n\u00f3i chung v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed9c n\u00f3i ri\u00eang. Nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5t t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00f2a tan khi x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea3i ra theo m\u1eadt. Gan c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o l\u1edbn v\u00e0 suy gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng gan c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n khi kho\u1ea3ng 75% gan b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y.<\/p>\n<p><strong>C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u1ed9c gan<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>Suy gan:<\/strong><br \/>\nDo c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c g\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ebf b\u00e0o (nh\u01b0 n\u1ea5m Amnita, c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t phenol, nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed3ng\u2026). Ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y c\u1ea5u truc sgan c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi l\u00e0m t\u0103ng ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u01b0 acetaminophen (g\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed9c \u1edf ch\u00f3), c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y ch\u1ee9a pyrrolizidine alkaloid.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u1ebft m\u1eadt:<\/strong><br \/>\nPh\u00e1 h\u1ee7y h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng r\u00e3nh m\u1eadt trong gan hay ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o bi\u1ebbu m\u00f4 \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn m\u1eadt.<br \/>\nL\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m ti\u1ebft m\u1eadt<br \/>\nT\u0103ng bilirubin v\u00e0 acid m\u1eadt<br \/>\nV\u00ed d\u1ee5: aflatoxin, lantana<br \/>\nKi\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng gan<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ki\u1ec3m tra trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m:<\/strong><br \/>\nC\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng gan nh\u01b0: alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP hay AP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gama-glutamyl-transferase (GGT), sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH).<br \/>\nKi\u1ec3m tra bilirubin huy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng<br \/>\nKi\u1ec3m tra acid m\u1eadt<br \/>\nC\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng kh\u00e1c: Albumin huy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng (trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u1ed9c m\u00e3n t\u00ednh), ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e1u (v\u00ec c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e1u c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u1edf gan)<\/p>\n<p><strong>C\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y<\/strong><br \/>\nC\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o th\u1eddi gian bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng sau khi nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u1ed9c, suy gan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh suy gan c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 suy gan m\u00e3n (m\u1ea1n).<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>N\u00f4n m\u1eeda<\/li>\n<li>Suy nh\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/li>\n<li>H\u00f4n m\u00ea<\/li>\n<li>V\u00e0ng da<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span><strong>10. C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t k\u00edch th\u00edch h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ammonia<\/li>\n<li>Hydrogen sulfide<\/li>\n<li>Ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m t\u00ea li\u1ec7 c\u01a1 tr\u01a1n h\u1ec7 h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p<\/li>\n<li>Botulism<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf synap c\u01a1-th\u1ea7n kinh<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u ch\u1ee9a nh\u00f3m phospho<\/li>\n<li>N\u1ecdc r\u1eafn<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u1ed9c t\u1ed1 u\u1ed1n v\u00e1n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Ch\u1ea5t \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf trung khu h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Barbiturate<\/li>\n<li>Ethylene glycol<\/li>\n<li>Hypnotics<\/li>\n<li>Thu\u1ed1c phi\u1ec7n<\/li>\n<li>Sedative<\/li>\n<li>Thu\u1ed1c gi\u1ea3m \u0111au nh\u00f3m tricyclic<\/li>\n<li>G\u00e2y vi\u00eam ph\u1ed5i<\/li>\n<li>D\u1ea7u th\u00f4<\/li>\n<li>3-Methyl indole<\/li>\n<li>Paraquat<\/li>\n<li>Ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 oxy trong m\u00e1u<\/li>\n<li>CO<\/li>\n<li>Cyanide<\/li>\n<li>Hydrogen sulfide<\/li>\n<li>Methemoglobinemia<\/li>\n<li>Sulfhemoglobin<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1. Ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ea7n kinh trung \u01b0\u01a1ng (central nervous system toxicants) Ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c l\u00e0m t\u00ea li\u1ec7t th\u1ea7n kinh: Bromethalin Chocolate (methylxanthines) Lead (ch\u00ec) Metaldehyde Ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9a clo h\u1eefu c\u01a1 di\u1ec7t c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng (organochlorine insecticides) C\u00e1c pyrethrin v\u00e0 pyrethoid Strychnine Ure Ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y m\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc Ch\u1ea5t t\u1eeb c\u00e2y Cicuta maculata Ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2290","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/robot.yeupet.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2290","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/robot.yeupet.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/robot.yeupet.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/robot.yeupet.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/robot.yeupet.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2290"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/robot.yeupet.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2290\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/robot.yeupet.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2290"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/robot.yeupet.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2290"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/robot.yeupet.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2290"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}